1,720,999 research outputs found
Hongrie
No full textCazes Sandrine. Hongrie. In: Observations et diagnostics économiques : revue de l'OFCE, n°34, 1990. pp. 103-115
Bulgarie
No full textCazes Sandrine, Babikian Bénédicte. Bulgarie. In: Observations et diagnostics économiques : revue de l'OFCE, n°34, 1990. pp. 129-139
Employment protection legislation and job stability: an European cross country analysis
No full textThis paper tries to shed some light on the actual changes that occurred in the labour markets dynamics of the European Union 253 (EU-25) over the last decade using job tenure4 data. It then investigates the potential role of employment protection legislation (EPL)5 changes in explaining differences in the dynamics of job stability across countries but also across age groups in light of the dual-track reform strategy introduced in Europe during the same period: in most European countries, reforms were made typically at the margin (for new hires), while EPL for the incumbent workers remained unchanged. Thus, if the legislation does not apply uniformly to all workers, the effects of EPL reforms are expected to be disproportionately felt by new entrants, such as the young, women, and possibly immigrants.The paper opens with a descriptive analysis of job stability measured through job tenure in the EU-25, and its evolution over the last years. The level and structure by age of this indicator is our main empirical material. Data used comes from Labour Force Surveys (EUROSTAT) up to 2006. The analysis shows no generalized decrease in job tenure but a trend towards shorter tenure of young workers (15-24) in most European countries. In a second step, the paper examines the possible explanations behind this trend, focusing on employment protection legislation. An econometric analysis is conducted to test the existence of a link between employment protection and job stability. In particular, we look at the impact of employment protection on average tenure and on the incidence of temporary employment. Finally, some policy recommendations are provided
Employment protection legislation and job stability: a European cross-country analysis
No full textBased on Eurostat data on wage employment for the period 1999–2006, this article investigates the dynamics of job tenure across the European Union. The authors’ analysis shows no generalized decline in job tenure, but a trend towards shorter tenure among young workers (aged 15–24 years) in many European countries. Their regression results indicate that this trend is associated with the weakening of employment protection provided by law and by trade unions. Given young workers’ weak individual bargaining power, the trend towards individualization of the employment relationship may thus affect them disproportionately
L'avenir des retraites dans un modèle d'équilibre général calculable
No full textCazes Sandrine, Chauveau Thierry, Le Cacheux Jacques, Loufir Rahim. L'avenir des retraites dans un modèle d'équilibre général calculable. In: Revue d'économie financière, n°23, 1992. Le financement des retraites : La gestion du partage et des risques, sous la direction de Olivier Robert de Massy et Marc-Antoine Kleinpeter. pp. 109-124
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Readjusting the social democratic welfare state in Denmark 1973 - 2003
Full text linkAs a social democratic welfare state, Denmark has offered universal and generous benefits promoting equality and diminishing stigmatisation; provision is almost entirely taxfinanced and public services play an important role. Consequently, welfare state spending has been traditionally high. Thus, one would expect that globalisation and low economic growth will threaten this welfare state arrangement. However, the example of Denmark shows that high public expenditure on the welfare state could be conserved. Albeit, in the last decade this small country in the North of Europe has gained much attention as role model for successful welfare state restructuring. The question is thus, how did Denmark readjust its welfare state to the changed environment? Therefore the present paper focuses on policy developments in four major welfare programmes: health care, labour market, old-age pensions and family since the 1970s. By comparatively contrasting these developments the paper is furthermore able to identify patterns in the process of readjusting the Danish welfare state. --
Échanges extérieurs et paiements dans les Républiques de la CEI
No full textIntra-cis trade and payments
Within the former Soviet Union, interdependencies of the production sectors of the member Republics were particularly strong. The breakdown of the Union has aggravated the already marked tendency for inter-Republican trade to contract, with very serious consequences on production and incomes in the Republics of the newly formed Community of Independent States (CIS). Among the many causes of such a contraction, the mal-functioning of the payment system, the disorderly monetary conditions and the successive attempts of the Russian Central Bank to control monetary creation have, apparently, played a prominent role. The introduction of national currencies should help clarify the monetary situation. However, in order to avoid a complete disruption of economie relations within the CIS while preserving the chances of openning it up to world trade, com-mon structures will probably have to be set up both for trade and for payments.Échanges extérieurs et paiements dans les Républiques de la CEI
Alors que l'interdépendance des appareils de production des Républiques au sein de l'Union soviétique était extrêmement étroite, l'éclatement de l'URSS a aggravé les tendances à la contraction des échanges commerciaux déjà perceptibles à la fin des années quatre-vingt. Les conséquences de cette contraction sur la production et sur les revenus des Républiques de la CEI sont considérables. Ses causes sont multiples mais, parmi elles, la désorganisation du système de paiements, le désordre monétaire et les tentatives mises en œuvre par la Banque centrale de Russie pour contrôler la création monétaire sont, semble-t-il, déterminantes. L'introduction de monnaies nationales devrait permettre une certaine clarification de la situation monétaire. Mais il conviendrait, pour éviter un effondrement brutal des relations économiques au sein de la CEI, tout en progressant sur la voie de l'ouverture aux échanges mondiaux, de mettre en place des structures communes, tant en matière commerciale que dans le domaine des paiements.Le Cacheux Jacques, Cazes Sandrine. Échanges extérieurs et paiements dans les Républiques de la CEI. In: Revue économique, volume 45, n°3, 1994. pp. 561-574
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