1,720,957 research outputs found
POVERTY, DEHUMANIZATION, AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION: HOW ENTERPRISES MITIGATE SOCIAL CHALLENGES
No full textLe sfide sociali come la povertà, la deumanizzazione e l'esclusione sociale rappresentano formidabili ostacoli per società equi e giuste in tutto il mondo. La povertà, che va oltre la mancanza di risorse finanziarie, comprende una serie di fattori interconnessi che privano gli individui delle necessità fondamentali e delle opportunità. Le politiche discriminatorie e l'accesso limitato all'istruzione e all'occupazione perpetuano questo ciclo. La deumanizzazione, che nega le qualità umane agli altri, persiste come processo sociale con profonde implicazioni, specialmente per i gruppi marginalizzati. Il contesto sociale influisce sulle relazioni di deumanizzazione e sulla capacità degli individui di riacquistare l'agenzia. L'esclusione sociale, multiforme e diffusa, nega l'accesso alle risorse e la partecipazione alla società, aggravando la marginalizzazione. La ricerca accademica si concentra sulle strategie organizzative per affrontare queste sfide, con un enfasi sulla misurazione dell'impatto, sui modelli di business innovativi e sulle prospettive globali. Tuttavia, gli sforzi imprenditoriali spesso falliscono senza il coinvolgimento della comunità. Questa tesi indaga come le organizzazioni affrontano la povertà, la deumanizzazione e l'esclusione sociale attraverso tre studi utilizzando la Grounded Theory. Gli studi rivelano la persistenza dell'informalità tra gli imprenditori in estrema povertà, il potenziale di umanizzazione nei contesti deumanizzanti e il ruolo delle pratiche comunitarie nell'empowerment degli individui emarginati. La Grounded Theory offre un robusto approccio qualitativo per comprendere e affrontare questioni sociali complesse, facilitando lo sviluppo di teorie e interventi pratici a livello aziendale.Societal challenges such as poverty, dehumanization, and social exclusion present formidable barriers to fair and just societies worldwide. Poverty, extending beyond financial insufficiency, encompasses a web of interconnected factors depriving individuals of fundamental necessities and opportunities. Discriminatory policies and limited access to education and employment perpetuate this cycle. Dehumanization, denying human qualities to others, persists as a societal process with profound implications, especially for marginalized groups. The social context influences dehumanizing relationships and individuals' ability to regain agency. Social exclusion, multifaceted and pervasive, denies access to resources and participation in society, exacerbating marginalization. Academic research focuses on organizational strategies to address these challenges, emphasizing impact measurement, innovative business models, and global perspectives. However, entrepreneurial endeavors often fall short without community involvement. This thesis investigates how organizations mitigate poverty, dehumanization, and social exclusion through three studies employing Grounded Theory. The studies reveal the persistence of informality among entrepreneurs in extreme poverty, the potential for humanization in dehumanizing contexts, and the role of community practices in empowering marginalized individuals. Grounded Theory offers a robust qualitative approach to understanding and addressing complex social issues, facilitating theory development and practical interventions at the enterprise level
Business portfolio: geographical scope
No full textInternationalization represents a widespread strategic choice for companies that want to expand their business portfolio outside their national geographical borders. This chapter describes how companies implement international strategic choices in terms of markets and geographical areas. Methods of entering a new market and implications for the value chain are also discussed
Circular Strategies of Social Enterprises for Sustainable Development in Impoverished Contexts: East Africa
No full textAfrican economies are home to grand societal and environmental challenges, and
social enterprises in these contexts typically play a key role to address UN
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as poverty, inequality, climate
change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice. In fact, social enterprises
in African countries are actively involved in the achievement of SDGs by
combining in the same organizations social, environmental, and economic missions
and processes. Recently, scholars acknowledged the relevance of Circular
Economy (CE) practices for the implementation of Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs). Therefore, this chapter focuses on East African countries (meaning
Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda). In these countries, the highest levels of ruralto-
urban shift of any continent in the world, together with context-related challenges
such as weak institutions, lack of financial support, low access to technology,
and a lack of education and technical skills, give rise to severe social and environmental problems. Gathering the extant but fragmented knowledge on
circular economy in East African social enterprises, this chapter aims at illustrating
the tensions and barriers that jeopardize social enterprises’ ability to implement
circular strategies. Further, the chapter reveals the enabling factors of social
enterprises adopting circular strategies recognizing a leading role of local community,
business incubators, and informal sector. Finally, this chapter examines
the outcomes of circular strategies, in the form of an active contribution toward
sustainable development as well as negative tensions which are generated
between social enterprises and stakeholders
Operating in quicksand: dark sides of informal entrepreneurship in extreme poverty contexts
No full textLiterature on informal economy largely debated on the positive role of informal entrepreneurs toward poverty alleviation in developing countries. However, such contexts are characterized by extreme poverty conditions with institutional voids and resource constraints that affect the entrepreneurial operations. While scholars documented why informality persists in developing countries, and what lead informal entrepreneurs to avoid the transition to formal economy, we currently miss the mechanisms by which informal entrepreneurs can effectively operate in contexts of extreme poverty. Our paper addresses this gap through a qualitative research based on 58 informal entrepreneurs in Uganda and Ghana. We discovered that informal entrepreneurs operate through practices of embeddedness in community to get necessary resources and creating informal institutions to fill institutional voids. However, such entrepreneurial practices generate also dark side effects, which also reinforce each other in a cross-bracing mechanism. We then theorized such dynamic of a cross-braced interplay between community embeddedness and informal institutions revealing how informal entrepreneurs are trapped in operating in a ‘quicksand’, which is the main cause of persistence in poverty condition. With our paper, we contribute to the literature on informal entrepreneurship in extreme-poor contexts, and especially we extend literature on the entrepreneurial processes which lead entrepreneurs to persist in informality. Future research and limitations are offered as well
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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