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Superando a “dúvida crônica”: História da Psicologia e Formação em psicologia em Argentina no contexto da psicologia latino-americana
Full text linkThe present study presents an empirical analysis of the relevance of psychologists’ historical education within the framework of Latin American psychology. The ‘chronic doubt’ about the formative aim of historiography is first characterized. The ways in which such historiography is a central input in Latin American and Argentinian psychologists’ training and education is then described. The results of a descriptive, mixed socio-bibliometric analysis of the literature used as readings (n = 798) in undergraduate historical courses at Argentinian psychology programs are presented. Findings indicate a marked predominance of texts and scholarship by Argentinian authors, a marked scarcity of Latin American authors and themes, and a problematic depiction of psychology’s historical pluralism. We conclude on the implications of such results for a critical history in the Latin American psychologists’ education, and on the need to contextualize local history in regional history of science.El presente estudio constituye un análisis empírico de la relevancia de la educación histórica de los psicólogos en el marco de la psicología latinoamericana. Se caracteriza la ‘duda crónica’ sobre el sentido formativo de la historiografía, describiéndose las formas en que dicha historiografía representa un insumo central en la formación de los psicólogos latinoamericanos y argentinos. Luego se exponen los resultados de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo descriptivo, de tipo socio-bibliométrico, sobre la literatura utilizada como bibliografía (n=798) en asignaturas históricas de carreras de psicología en Argentina. Los resultados indican un predominio marcado de literatura de autores argentinos, una escasez marcada de autores latinoamericanos y una representación en ocasiones problemática del pluralismo histórico de la disciplina. Se concluye sobre las implicaciones de tales resultados para una historia crítica en la formación de psicólogos latinoamericanos y sobre la necesidad de contextualizar la historia local en la historia regional de la ciencia.La présente étude constitue une analyse empirique de la pertinence de l’éducation historique des psychologues dans le contexte de la psychologie latino-américaine. Le “doute chronique” sur le sens formatif de l’historiographie est caractérisé, en décrivant les manières dont cette historiographie représente un apport central dans la formation des psychologues latinoaméricains et argentins. Les résultats d’une analyse descriptive quantitative et qualitative, de type socio-bibliométrique, sur la littérature utilisée comme bibliographie (n = 798) dans le contenu des cours historiques de carrières en psychologie en Argentine sont présentés. Les résultats indiquent une prédominance marquée de la littérature écrite par des auteurs argentins, une pénurie marquée d’auteurs latino-américains et une représentation parfois problématique du pluralisme historique de la discipline. Il conclut sur les implications de tels résultats pour une histoire critique dans la formation des psychologues latino-américains et sur la nécessité de contextualiser l’histoire locale dans l’histoire régionale de la science.O presente estudo constitui uma análise empírica da relevância da educação histórica dos psicólogos no quadro da psicologia latino-americana. É caracterizada a “dúvida crônica” sobre o sentido formativo da historiografia, descrevendo as formas pelas quais essa historiografia representa um aporte central no treinamento de psicólogos latino-americanos e argentinos. São apresentados os resultados de uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa descritiva, sócio-bibliométrica da literatura utilizada como bibliografia (n = 798) em disciplinas históricas de carreiras de psicologia na Argentina. Os resultados indicam uma marcada predominância da literatura dos autores argentinos, uma escassez marcada de autores latino-americanos e uma representação problemática do pluralismo histórico da disciplina. Conclui sobre as implica- ções de tais resultados para uma história crítica na formação de psicólogos latino-americanos e sobre a necessidade de contextualizar a história local na história regional da ciência
La Historiografía en la Institucionalización de la Psicología Académica. Estados Unidos, 1890–1989
No full textResumen Los cursos de historia de la Psicología datan de las primeras décadas del siglo pasado. Para comprender las características de los mismos debe reconocerse el particular ambiente intelectual y socio-profesional en que dichas asignaturas proliferaron. Si asumimos una perspectiva social o socio-profesional de la historia de la ciencia psicológica, Estados Unidos cobra rápidamente relieve como la cuna de la Psicología moderna. Considerando esto, este trabajo se centra en la faz pedagógica o propedéutica de la historiografía: es decir, su transmutación, inserción y secuenciación como contenido curricular en las instituciones y modalidades de formación oficial académica de los psicólogos. Con el objetivo de analizar los cambios de dichos cursos a lo largo del siglo XX y focalizando en Estados Unidos, se ofrece una periodización de la historia de tales asignaturas en sus vínculos y relaciones con el desarrollo e institucionalización de la Psicología académica y con la producción historiográfica de dicho país. El relevamiento y análisis de fuentes arrojaría un conjunto de tres períodos: uno inicial (1890–1929) marcado por la tensión historiográfica y curricular entre la legitimación filosófica de la Psicología y su refinamiento científico, uno posterior (1929–1960) caracterizado por la aparición de manuales y obras históricas enraizadas en el proyecto positivista y experimentalista de la Psicología y un incipiente apoyo oficial a la implementación de asignaturas históricas en currículos psicológicos, y un período final (1960–1989) de profesionalización de la propia historiografía, con apoyo oficial sistemático a la enseñanza de la historia y debates y tensiones a nivel de la sub-disciplina
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A supposedly objective thing I'll never use again: Word association and the quest for validity and reliability in emotional adjustment research from Carl Jung to Carl Rogers (1898–1927)
Full text linkAs the first two decades of the 20th century unfolded, clinical psychologists, who had until then been mainly associated with intelligence testing, attempted to implement a specific psychological method—Carl Gustav Jung's (1875–1961) word-association “test”—in individual personality assessments. As one of the early clinical psychologists who attempted to use the method, Carl Ransom Rogers (1902–1987) is conspicuously absent from the historiography of clinical psychological testing. In fact, historians have recently suggested that we are lacking narratives about Rogers' early ideas and techniques in the context of both the development of clinical psychology and the emergence of psychological testing as clinicians' foremost scholarly activity. In light of the above, this paper pursues two main goals. First, it attempts to reconstruct Rogers' first original research project on emotional adjustment testing in young children in the broader context of the development of word-association tests as carried out by Jung and Whately Smith (1892–1947). Second, it aims to reconstruct Rogers' earliest theoretical ideas as well as his epistemological assumptions regarding test objectivity, validity and reliability. By drawing on unpublished documents and heretofore overlooked primary sources I show that although Rogers initially drew from Jung and Smith's complex and refined tradition, he ultimately rejected it as well as the tests themselves. At first drawn to Smith's quantitative, empiricist and experimental philosophy of psychology, Rogers was deterred when the data gathered through his own research in 1927 suggested that word association tests had no real, effective clinical value when used in children. By showcasing the complex process of test construction and validation undertaken by 1920s clinical psychologists, Rogers' case illustrates the research practices, the methodological problems and the epistemological dilemmas faced by most if not all of his contemporaries.Fil: Fierro, Catriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Instituto de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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