1,721,005 research outputs found
Heterogeneity across Immigrants in the Spanish Labour Market: Advantage and Disadvantage
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the diferences that immigrants have in the Spanish labour market. Immigrants in Spain come from a diversity of continents (Africa, South America, Eastern Europe, Asia, etc.), and there are substantial diferences in characteristics not only among continents but also among countries in each continent. Using a quantile regression method of decomposition we estimate these diferences that are reflected in the labour market and in particular are mirrored in the wage, so some immigrants are more discriminated or segregated that others because they have less advantage. For example Argentineans and Peruvians have the same origin and culture but we can find diferences in the wage that they receive in the Spanish labor market, or for example Moroccans have a advantage with respect to the Rest of Africans, due to the geographical proximity to Spain. So when we study the pay gap and the gender pay gap we need to take into consideration the origin of immigrants. We also want to study how the integration of immigrants evolved across years, whether the wage gap that we find in the first episode of work between immigrants and natives disappears or continues to be present in the Spain labour market.Gender gap, quantile regression, immigration, counterfactual decomposition
Self-reported poliomyelitis vaccination and documentation in adults indicates high uptake: a digital German epidemic panel, December 2024
Full text linkData availability:
Aggregated data is presented in the figures and tables of the manuscript. Due to data protection concerns, access to the individual-level data is restricted. Upon request anonymized data can be provided. Please contact the authors if you have any questions or require further information.Consortia:
PCR-4-ALL study group:
Xavier Casadevall i Solvas, Emine Kayahan, Mariam Mohamed Abdelsatta Bayoumi, Gregor Fritz, Zhiyuan Ma, Jeroen Lammertyn, Dragana Spasic, Lorenz Van Hileghem, Robin De Groote, Javier Martinez-Picado, Elisabet Fernández-Rosas, Sara Morón-López, Maria C. Puertas, Maria C. Garcia-Guerrero, Catia Nicodemo, Alessandro Bucciol, Stefano Landi, Chiara Leardini, Giulia Montresor, Khalidwa Shomali, Isti Rodiah, Felix Jenniches Helmholtz, Daniel Alexander Schulze & Vanessa Melhorn.
MuSPAD study group:
Monika Strengert, Alex Dulovic, Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra, Jana-Kristin Heise, Gérard Krause, Pilar Hernandez, Daniela Gornyk, Monike Schlüter, Tobias Kerrinnes, Gerhard Bojara, Kerstin Frank, Knut Gubbe, Torsten Tonn, Oliver Kappert, Winfried V. Kern, Thomas Illig, Norman Klopp & Gottfried Roller Michael Ziemons.Supplementary Information is available online at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-025-24865-9#Sec16 .Use of artificial intelligence tools:
We used OpenAI's ChatGPT v2 to review and refine the R code for improved structure and functionality. For clarity and precision, the English language parts of this manuscript have been edited using DeepL Pro. The authors checked the output for correctness and take responsibility for it.Background:
On 12 December 2024, the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) recommended universal polio catch-up vaccination for children and adolescents up to 16, urging parents to check their children’s immunization status following detections of vaccine-derived poliovirus in wastewater. The Robert Koch Institute (RKI) also advised healthcare professionals to ensure vaccination coverage in priority groups. Regional health authorities, called on all citizens to review their vaccination records to address any immunization gaps. We investigated vaccine uptake (documented / recalled) to improve estimates of immunity against poliovirus among the German population and gain insights into the proportion of undocumented vaccines.
Methods:
We conducted a survey in December 2024 using the eResearch System PIA (Prospective Monitoring and Management—App) to collect data on self-reported vaccine uptake among a German cohort. We calculated the frequency of vaccinations that were documented and undocumented, as well as the types of vaccines and the number of doses received. Vaccination status was classified as received ≤ 2 doses versus ≥ 3 doses of any polio-containing vaccine. We applied survey weights to calculate frequencies according the general German population (by age, sex, region) and logistic regression to examine the relationships between the vaccinations that were not documented but recalled, and the factors associated with these undocumented vaccinations.
Results:
Among 1,124 participants who completed the survey on vaccination uptake, 1,097 (96.9%) participants stated to have a vaccination record. A total of 823/1,124 (74.3%) reported having a vaccination record, where at least one poliomyelitis vaccine was documented, whereas 233 (19.0%) participants recalled at least one poliomyelitis vaccination without documentation or vaccination record. Of 1,124, 68 participants (6.7%) did not report any polio vaccination neither documented nor recalled without documentation. Among the 823 participants with documented vaccination and at least one vaccination, 592 (75.1%) received at least three doses of a poliomyelitis vaccine, with a decline in older age groups, less than three doses were reported by 164 (17.6%), and the remaining 7.3% (n = 67) did not have information on the number of doses administered. Of 2,768 documented vaccine doses, 898 (29.9%) were oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV) and 704 (26.2%) were inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPV). In 1,166 vaccines (43.9%), the type could not be derived by the participants from the vaccination record. The odds of having a recalled vaccination (not documented) was higher in male and the older age groups compared to females and younger participants.
Discussion:
We found similar poliomyelitis vaccination uptake compared to other data sources e.g., of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI). Vaccine-derived immunity to poliomyelitis may be underestimated based on vaccination records only. There is a need to address potential gaps in health literacy and vaccination documentation. Efforts should be made to conduct continuous seroprevalence surveys in the population in response to emerging public health threats and deduce parameters to inform modelling infection dynamics in specific outbreak scenarios.
Trial registration:
The PCR-4-ALL cohort was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register on the 3rd of September 2024 (DRKS00034763).Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. Funded by the European Union. The PCR-4-ALL project has received funding under the Horizon Europe research and innovation programme ( grant agreement No 101095606). Additional funding has been provided by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) via RESPINOW (grant number 031L0298A) as well as by intramural HZI funds which supported this work as well as the initial funding for the MuSPAD Study from the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (grant number SO-096)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Participation and Wage Equations for Married Women in European Countries
No full textPreliminary and Incomplete Please do not quote This paper estimates the participation and the wage equations for married women, in a framework of panel data sample selection using data from the European Community Household Panel (EHCP) corre-sponding to the wave 1994-2001, for thirteen European countries and explores the difference across-countries in a labor supply contest. There is a considerable variation in the degree of labor market par-ticipation rate of women across countries. The aim of this paper is to estimate the labor force participation equation for married females and explain how the variables such as personal and family characteristics, several source of income of the household and, in some countries, la-bor status of the husband influence on this equation and contribute to find fundamental differences across counties. We focus our attention on family benefits and family financial conditions. The woman’s labor participation increases with her potential wage and decreases when her non-labor income increases, so we explore the wage equation for females and which variables influence positively on this earn. We estimate the female wage equation in a framework of un-balanced panel data models with sample selection. The wage equations of females have several potential sources of bias so in this paper a panel data estimator, a test for selection bias and a correction procedure are used
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Immigration may reduce the time you wait to see the doctor
No full textMigrants’ access to the NHS is part of an ongoing debate in the UK, with the Home Secretary recently arguing that it is “obvious” that migration has an impact on the availability of NHS services. Looking at the impact of immigration on NHS waiting times, Osea Giuntella, Catia Nicodemo and Carlos Vargas-Silva explain that services in areas with a rising migrant population actually have reduced waiting times
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