5,111 research outputs found
Contro la funzionalizzazione della contrattazione collettiva. Riflessioni sul pensiero di Mario Rusciano
No full textL'autore riflette sul pensiero di Mario Rusciano in punto di funzionalizzazione della contrattazione collettiva.The author reflects on the thought of Mario Rusciano in relation to the subject of the functionalisation of collective bargaining
The “right to life” of people convicted in Italy to life in prison: an analysis of italian and european jurisprudence
No full textThe paper aim to examine the recent developments of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and of the Constitutional Court on life imprisonment, trying to highlight the illegality not only of the so-called “life imprisonment impediment” (as it was recently affirmed by the ECHR and by the Constitutional Court) but – more generally – also to life imprisonment in all its forms and to propose – de lege ferenda – possible alternatives to the perpetual sanction, necessary to protect the right to life and hope of the offender.O presente artigo aborda o direito à vida mediante uma dupla perspectiva. Se de um lado a proteção à vida deve induzir o legislador a introduzir determinadas sanções para protegê-lo contra agressões injustificadas, de outro lado, a pretensão punitiva do Estado não pode exclusivamente consistir, em qualquer caso, na neutralização do ofensor eternamente. Isso pois, haveria uma exploração da condição humana para fins criminais bem como seria contraditório a pena como função reeducadora, conforme determinam a dignidade da pessoa humana e o artigo 27, §3° da Constituição Italiana. Um prejuízo similar deve ser reconhecido no caso da prisão pela vida inteira, como uma pena perpétua – que limita, como será visto, qualquer possibilidade de liberação do condenado e frustração das suas expectativas e esperanças. Particularmente, este trabalho examinará desenvolvimentos jurisprudenciais recentes da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos e da Corte Constitucional sobre prisão perpétua, buscando iluminar a ilegalidade não apenas em virtude do chamado “impedimento de prisão perpétua” (como recentemente afirmado pelos tribunais citados), mas, de forma mais geral
Criminal protection of human dignity: racist ideas, denialism and hate speech in the Italian legal order
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The criminal justice system to the test of artificial intelligence
No full textThe paper illustrates the possibility of using AI not only as an instrument to check the facts in a criminal trial but even to interpret and resolve significant legal matters. Currently, the "expert systems" developed for this purpose take advantage of the judicial precedents as the basis of knowledge: given that, it is argued that these algorithms cannot work in a Constitutional State based on the statistical rule of "more likely than not", but they should be programmed according to the "political" alternative rule of `beyond all reasonable doubt', which should be extended even to doubt in interpreting the law. Thus, in the case of opposing judicial precedents, AI systems should suggest the most favourable interpretation for the defendant, and the judge should dissent only by explaining why he does not hold plausible the most favourable judicial precedent.El artículo aborda la posibilidad de que la inteligencia artificial se utilice como herramienta no solo para averiguar la verdad de los hechos relativos a un proceso penal, sino también para interpretar y resolver cuestiones estrictamente jurídicas. Dado que, en la actualidad, los «sistemas expertos» desarrollados para este fin utilizan los precedentes jurisprudenciales como base de conocimiento, se argumenta que tales algoritmos, en un Estado de derecho, no pueden funcionar sobre la base de la regla puramente estadística de «más probable que no», sino que deben programarse sobre la base de la regla políticamente correcta de «más allá de toda duda razonable», que debe extenderse también a la duda sobre la interpretación de la ley. El sistema de inteligencia artificial, por tanto, ante una jurisprudencia contradictoria, tendría que proponer la interpretación más favorable al reo y el juez solo podría apartarse de ella a condición de refutar de forma razonada la verosimilitud del precedente más favorable
Il diritto penale nel canone di Mario Romano
No full textThis paper deals with the extension and the extraordinary scientific value of the works written by a great Master in Criminal Law, such as Mario Romano. The Author briefly presents some of the most relevant contributions given by Professor Mario Romano to the Criminal Science, first of all his "Commentario sistematico del codice penale" (Systematic Commentary on the penal code), a unique work. Finally, the paper talks about some topics which have been developed inside the work "Studi in onore di Mario Romano" (Studies in Honour of Mario Romano)
The influence of treatment on the pathology of club foot. CT study at maturity
No full textWe performed CT to investigate how treatment may modify the basic skeletal pathology of congenital club foot. Two homogenous groups of patients treated by one of the authors (EI) or under his supervision were studied. The first included 32 patients with 47 club feet reviewed at a mean age of 25 years and treated by manipulation, application of toe-to-groin plaster casts and an extensive posteromedial release. The second included 32 patients with 49 club feet reviewed at a mean age of 19 years and treated by the Ponseti manipulation technique, application of toe-to-groin plaster casts and a limited posterior release. At follow-up the shape of the subtalar, talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints was found to be altered in many feet in both groups. This did not appear to be influenced significantly by the type of treatment performed. Correction of the heel varus and the increased declination angle of the neck of the talus was better in the club feet of the second group, whereas reduction of the medial subluxation of the navicular was better in the first. There was a marked increase in the external ankle torsion angle in the first group and a moderate increase of this angle in the second group, in which medial subluxation of the cuboid on the anterior apophysis of the calcaneum was always corrected. Equinus was corrected in both groups but three-dimensional CT reconstruction of the whole foot showed that cavus, supination and adduction deformities were corrected much better in the second group
Epistemologia interdisciplinare e possibile contributo delle neuroscienze: riflessioni penalistiche nei tracciati garantistici della prospettiva sistemico/diacronica
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