1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Messa a punto di un set-up sperimentale per la registrazione e l’analisi elettrofisiologica delle risposte visive in Octopus vulgaris
No full textCephalopods are highly visual animals with developed camera eyes, large brains, and a complex
repertoire of behaviors. Several important functions rely heavily on vision, these includes: hunting
and predator avoidance, mate identification, spatial navigation, intraspecies communication and their
remarkable ability to rapidly camouflage to their surroundings. Cephalopods are the only class of invertebrates to have evolved eyes of the same complexity as vertebrates. Their phylogenetic distance from mammals makes them a unique case of convergent evolution, particularly interesting to study for brain functions, vision and the independent origin of complex brain architectures and neural mechanisms. In this study, we wished to identify the functional pathway of the Octopus vulgaris visuo-motor network composed by the optic, the pedunculate and the basal lobes. These brain areas have been described for long as important centers of visuo-motor coordination. However, despite having a rather good knowledge of their anatomical and morphological organization, there is not enough information about functional architecture of CNS connections.
This is due to the lack of established methodologies for brain recordings in live animals. Indeed, invivo central nervous system (CNS) recordings in cephalopods have been facing several technological difficulties for a long time. As an example, the salt water of the environment is highly corrosive for the electrodes, the amplifiers are difficult to waterproof, and the use of tethered wires can yield to noisy recordings. In addition, the absence of any bony structure coupled with the extremely good manipulatory ability of cephalopods, does not allow the use of a head-fixed approach for electrode implantation and in-vivo brain recordings. To overcome these issues, in this study we used a reduced O. vulgaris eye-brain preparation and developed a methodology for brain multielectrode electrophysiology in an open circle recording chamber. Temperature, oxygenation, lightening and physical stability of the preparation were optimized through the construction of appropriate holders and cooling chambers. Once reached stable conditions, brain activity following electrical and visual stimulation of the visual
pathways was recorded and analyzed. We recorded from three to four electrodes positioned in various part of the visuo-motor pathways and tested two types of electrodes with different material properties. The stimulation/recording technique was optimized to have stable recordings with a good signal to noise ratio.
Next step will be to implement a multielectrode arrays platform and perform multielectrode recordings of high motor and visual centers, to characterize the flow of information and possible signal integration occurring at each brain areas during visual processing. Through multielectrode recordings we will be also able to analyze brain activity at network level thus allowing understanding processes such as visuo-motor transformation and action planning. Building a strong and reliable electrophysiological paradigm for recording brain signals elicited by visual stimuli will be the first step toward the understanding of the basis of Cephalopods CNS functional architecture of visuo-motor integration centers. This will further expand our knowledge on cephalopod brain functional convergent evolution.I cefalopodi sono animali altamente visivi con occhi molto sviluppati, un cervello di grandi dimensioni e un ricco repertorio comportamentale. La visione è coinvolta in molte di queste importanti funzioni e comportamenti, tra i quali troviamo comportamenti di caccia e di evasione dai predatori, identificazione di potenziali partner, navigazione spaziale, comunicazione intraspecifica e la loro incredibile capacità di camouflage con l’ambiente circostante.
I Cefalopodi sono l’unica classe di invertebrati ad aver evoluto occhi di una complessità comparabile a molti vertebrati, tra cui l’uomo. La loro distanza filogenetica dai mammiferi li rende un caso unico di evoluzione convergente, particolarmente interessante per lo studio della nascita indipendente di architetture cerebrali e sistemi neurali complessi.
Il nostro studio si è posto l’obiettivo di identificare i pathway funzionali del sistema visuo-motorio di Octopus vulgaris composto dai due lobi ottici, il lobo del Peduncolo e i lobi Basali. Queste aree cerebrali sono state identificate per molto tempo con i centri di coordinazione visuo-motoria.
Nonostante la buona conoscenza dell’organizzazione anatomica e morfologica di queste strutture, le informazioni riguardanti l’architettura funzionale delle connessioni all’interno del sistema nervoso centrale rimangono ancora limitate.
Questa mancanza è in gran parte dovuta all’assenza di protocolli consolidati per registrazioni cerebrali in animali vivi. Le registrazioni in questi animali presentano diverse difficoltà tecniche: l’acqua salata, l’impermeabilizzazione degli amplificatori dall’acqua comporta più rumore nel segnale. Inoltre, l’assenza di strutture ossee rigide e la grande capacità manipolativa di questi animali rendono impraticabile l’utilizzo di approcci “head-fixed” per l’impianto di elettrodi e per registrazioni stabili in-vivo.
Per superare questi ostacoli, in questo studio abbiamo sviluppato una preparazione occhio-cervello di Octopus vulgaris, in grado di mantenere funzionale la rete visuo-motoria, e abbiamo ideato una metodologia per l’elettrofisiologia cerebrale multielettrodo, utilizzando una camera di registrazione con una circolazione costante di acqua marina areata. Attraverso la progettazione di supporti dedicati e sistemi di raffreddamento, abbiamo ottimizzato vari parametri della preparazione, come la temperatura, l’ossigenazione, l’illuminazione e la stabilità fisica.
Una volta stabilizzate le condizioni sperimentali, abbiamo registrato l’attività cerebrale in risposta a stimoli visivi ed elettrici applicati lungo le vie ottiche. Le registrazioni sono state effettuate utilizzando tre o quattro elettrodi posizionati in diverse aree del sistema visuo-motorio. Inoltre, abbiamo confrontato due differenti tipologie di elettrodi, realizzati con materiali diversi, al fine di identificare la configurazione più stabile e con il miglior rapporto segnale-rumore.
Il prossimo passo sarà l’implementazione di piattaforme multielettrodo più complesse per registrare simultaneamente nei centri visivi e motori superiori. Questo permetterà di tracciare il flusso dell’informazione sensoriale e investigare i processi di integrazione neurale tra le diverse aree cerebrali durante l’elaborazione visiva. L’uso di registrazioni simultanee ci consentirà inoltre di studiare l’attività cerebrale a livello di rete, aprendo la strada alla comprensione dei meccanismi di trasformazione visuo-motoria e pianificazione dell’azione
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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