130,511 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Implementing values education through media studies
No full textThis thesis describes a research project which investigated the use of Media Studies in Values Education at a Catholic Primary School in Brisbane.\ud
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The focus of the study was a nine week unit on "Multiculturalism" which utilised the concepts and strategies of Media Studies and which involved the researcher in actually leading the teaching of the unit to a combined class of 55 students from Years 6 and 7.\ud
Teachings for the unit revolved around Construction and Deconstruction activities with particular attention given to the following ethnic groupings:\ud
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(i) Anglo/Celtic\ud
(ii) Aboriginal\ud
(iii) Vietnamese\ud
(iv) El Salvadorean\ud
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The study developed around the hypothesis that Media Studies can provide a useful means for teaching Values Education and it investigated the following research questions:\ud
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1. To what extent did the children have more positive values about themselves and other ethnic groups at the end of the unit on "Multiculturalism"?\ud
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2. To what extent was the Media Studies approach to the teaching of the unit responsible for such changes in values that occurred?\ud
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3. How did the techniques of Construction and Deconstruction contribute to the development of more positive attitudes to self and others and the ability to interact more effectively with others?\ud
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The findings show that Media Studies can, indeed, contribute to the development of core understandings and skills of Values Education as identified by Hill (1991, p. 10) in his "minimum specifications for Values Education in Australia", as follows:\ud
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"To assist students:\ud
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(a) to acquire a representative knowledge base concerning the value traditions of groups within contemporary Australian society;\ud
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(b) to enter with empathy into the perceptions and feelings of people who have been strongly committed to these traditions;\ud
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( c) to develop skills of critical and appreciative values appraisal;\ud
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( d) to encourage and put into practice skills of decision-making and value negotiation;\ud
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( e) to develop a concern for the community and the care of its members.\ud
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Both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were used to chart the development of cognitive, affective and volitional aspects of children's values towards\ud
themselves and other ethnic groups and to examine the development of their interpersonal skills.\ud
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The combined findings from the quantitative and qualitative data collected during the study, show that there is a strong case to support the hypothesis that Media Studies\ud
can provide a useful means for teaching Values Education in the classroom. The evidence suggests that by the end of the unit, the children who were involved did have more positive attitudes towards themselves and others, and had improved their interpersonal skills. There is also sufficient evidence to conclude that these outcomes were produced, at least to some significant extent, by the use of the concepts and strategies of Media Studies, particularly Construction and Deconstruction.\ud
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The methodologies included a Pre-Test/Post-Test which involved short written responses, drawings and the completion of a ratings scale, as well as interviews,\ud
observations and content analysis of some of the children's video work completed towards the end of the unit.\ud
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The use of a variety of methodologies to examine the hypothesis provided the multiple perspectives of triangulation and the opportunity to offset the shortcomings of one type of methodology with another which did not have those potential sources of experimental error. For example, the anonymity of the children's responses in the PreTest/Post-Test helped to ensure that the children would feel free to give their honest responses to the questions and provided an opportunity to cross-check responses given in the interviews.\ud
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The study's findings have important implications for teaching and learning and give rise to a number of interesting questions relating to ways children may be assisted to define and refine their ethical positions. It also highlights the problems of encouraging collaborative behaviours within an essentially, individually-competitive school system; and raises issues with respect to the handling of controversial topics by teachers within schools.\ud
Finally, the study suggests the basis for a conceptual framework for using Media Studies to implement Values Education within the classroom and identifies areas for further research
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Frequent epigenetic inactivation of KIBRA, an upstream member of the Salvador/Warts/Hippo (SWH) tumor suppressor network, is associated with specific genetic event in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia
No full textThe WW-domain containing protein KIBRA has recently been identified as a new member of the Salvador/Warts/Hippo (SWH) pathway in Drosophila and is shown to act as a tumor suppressor gene in Drosophila. This pathway is conserved in humans and members of the pathway have been shown to act as tumor suppressor genes in mammalian systems. We determined the methylation status of the 5' CpG island associated with the KIBRA gene in human cancers. In a large panel of cancer cell lines representing common epithelial cancers KIBRA was unmethylated. But in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cell lines KIBRA showed frequent hypermethylation and silencing of gene expression, which could be reversed by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. In ALL patient samples KIBRA was methylated in 70% B-ALL but was methylated in <20% T-ALL leukemia (p = 0.0019). In B-ALL KIBRA methylation was associated with ETV6/RUNX1 {t(12;21) (p13;q22)} chromosomal translocation (p = 0.0082) phenotype, suggesting that KIBRA may play an important role in t(12;21) leukemogenesis. In ALL paired samples at diagnosis and remission KIBRA methylation was seen in diagnostic but not in any of the remission samples accompanied by loss of KIBRA expression in disease state compared to patients in remission. Hence KIBRA methylation occurs frequently in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia but not in epithelial cancers and is linked to specific genetic event in B-ALL
Non-Coding RNAs in Pediatric Solid Tumors
No full text© Copyright © 2019 Smith, Catchpoole and Hutvagner. Pediatric solid tumors are a diverse group of extracranial solid tumors representing approximately 40% of childhood cancers. Pediatric solid tumors are believed to arise as a result of disruptions in the developmental process of precursor cells which lead them to accumulate cancerous phenotypes. In contrast to many adult tumors, pediatric tumors typically feature a low number of genetic mutations in protein-coding genes which could explain the emergence of these phenotypes. It is likely that oncogenesis occurs after a failure at many different levels of regulation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise a group of functional RNA molecules that lack protein coding potential but are essential in the regulation and maintenance of many epigenetic and post-translational mechanisms. Indeed, research has accumulated a large body of evidence implicating many ncRNAs in the regulation of well-established oncogenic networks. In this review we cover a range of extracranial solid tumors which represent some of the rarer and enigmatic childhood cancers known. We focus on two major classes of ncRNAs, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, which are likely to play a key role in the development of these cancers and emphasize their functional contributions and molecular interactions during tumor formation
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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