130,728 research outputs found
Taxonomic remarks on Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen group (Caryophyllaceae) in C-S Italian Peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia
No full textA taxonomic revision of the populations belonging to the Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen group (Caryophyllaceae) occurring
in central and southern Italy, Sardinia and Sicily has been made. This group is represented in the surveyed territories
by 17 morphologically and ecologically well differentiated species: Dianthus arrosti C. Presl, D. siculus C. Presl,
D. graminifolius C. Presl, D. cyathophorus Moris, D. gasparrinii Guss., D. longicaulis Ten., D. virgatus Pasquale, D. tarentinus
Lacaita, D. morisianus Vals., D. japygicus Bianco & Brullo, D. sardous Bacch., Brullo, Casti & Giusso, D. busambrae
Soldano & F. Conti, D. brachycalyx Huet sp. nov., D. oliastrae sp. nov., D. insularis sp. nov., D. genargenteus sp. nov. and
D. ichnusae sp. nov. Besides, two new subspecies are recognized within D. ichnusae (subsp. ichnusae and subsp. toddei).
This taxonomical treatment is supported by a multivariate analysis based on 25 morphological characters and
1 phenological character. Each of the taxa is described and illustrated. In addition, notes on nomenclature, ecology,
chorology, taxonomical relationships and conservation status are given. Lectotypes are designated for those taxa that are
based on material from the investigated territories
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Contributo alla sistematica delle popolazioni appartenenti al ciclo di Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen presenti in Sardegna, Sicilia e Italia meridionale
No full textContribution to taxonomy of taxa belonging to the Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen group occurring in Sardinia,
Sicily and S Italy – The taxa belonging to the Dianthus sylvestris group are examined from the nomenclatural, morphological
and chorological point of view. This group is here represented by several species and subspecies, some of which new
to science and proposed with a provisional name. They are: D. arrosti C. Presl subsp. arrosti: (Sicily and S Calabria), subsp.
sardous nom. prov. (Sardinia), D. cyathophorus Moris (Sardinia and Sicily), D. siculus C. Presl (Sicily), D. graminifolius C.
Presl (Sicily), D. longicaulis Ten. (C-S Italy), D. tarentinus Lacaita (Puglia), D. gasparrinii Guss. (Sicily), D. paniculatus
Lojac. (Sicily), D. japigicus Bianco & Brullo (S Puglia), D. morisianus Valsecchi (Sardinia), D. genargenteus nom. prov.
(Sardinia), D. ichnusae nom. prov. (Sardinia), D. brachycalyx Huet ex Nyman (C-S Italy)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Targeting neurosteroid synthesis as a therapy for schizophrenia-related alterations induced by early psychosocial stress
No full textCogent evidence has shown that schizophrenia vulnerability is enhanced by psychosocial stress in adolescence, yet the underpinnings of this phenomenon remain elusive. One of the animal models that best capture the relationship between juvenile stress and schizophrenia is isolation rearing (IR). This manipulation, which consists in subjecting rats to social isolation from weaning through adulthood, results in neurobehavioral alterations akin to those observed in schizophrenia patients. In particular, IR-subjected rats display a marked reduction of the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex, which are posited to reflect imbalances in dopamine neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). We recently documented that the key neurosteroidogenic enzyme 5α-reductase (5αR) plays an important role in the dopaminergic regulation of PPI; given that IR leads to a marked down-regulation of this enzyme in the NAcc, the present study was designed to further elucidate the functional role of 5αR in the regulation of PPI of IR-subjected rats
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Synthesis, structural properties, and pharmacological evaluation of 2-(acylamino)-thiophene-3-carboxamides and analogues thereof
No full textWe have previously reported the synthesis and the pharmacological characterization of a family of methyl 2-(acylamino)thiophene-3-carboxylates as GABAB positive allosteric modulators active both in vitro and in vivo. In the present work, we describe the synthesis of new compounds based on the bioisosteric replacement of the ester moiety with amido or heterocyclic groups as well as of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as rigid analogues thereof. 4H-Thieno[2,3-d][1,3]oxazin-4-ones were used as synthetic intermediates for the preparation of some of these compounds. The structures of oxazinones 11b, 16, and 17 were assigned by X-ray crystallographic studies, which definitely ruled out the isomeric beta-lactam structure previously hypothesized for these compounds. None of the new molecules exhibited significant activity at the GABAB receptor, either as allosteric or orthosteric ligands
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