1,721,281 research outputs found
Factores de riesgo ocupacionales en el desarrollo de cáncer de próstata en el estudio MultiCaso-Control-Spain (MCC-Spain)
Full text linkEl cáncer de próstata es el cáncer con mayor incidencia en nuestro país, por delante del cáncer de pulmón y el cáncer colorrectal. La etiología del cáncer de próstata o sus factores de riesgo son poco conocidos y se considera que es un proceso multifactorial entre edad, historia familiar, etnia, exposiciones medioambientales y estilos de vida. Se han realizado estudios epidemiológicos con la intención de demostrar la relación entre las ocupaciones laborales y el desarrollo de cáncer de próstata, pero en general, los resultados son poco consistentes entre los diferentes estudios. Las profesiones consideradas de mayor riesgo para este tipo de cáncer son: los trabajadores de la agricultura, la industria del caucho, trabajadores expuestos a metales inorgánicos, plaguicidas, al cadmio, a hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos y a emisiones de escape diésel. Nuestra hipótesis es que la ocupación laboral puede ser un factor de riesgo para cáncer de próstata porque los trabajadores se exponen a agentes nocivos que han demostrado potencial carcinogénico mediante experimentación in vivo con animales o porque hay agentes que pueden alterar las actividades enzimáticas prostáticas in vitro. En el seno del estudio MCC-Spain, estudio multicaso-control con base poblacional nacional, se han analizado 1112 casos de cáncer de próstata y se han comparado con 1388 controles. Se han tomado datos clínicos, patológicos y datos sobre la vida laboral de estos participantes. Se ha utilizado la matriz de empleo-exposición española MatEmEsp para interpretar, según las ocupaciones desarrolladas por el participante, a qué agentes se han expuesto medidos en años e intensidad. Las características clínicas y patológicas de los pacientes que incluye MCC-Spain son muy similares a otras grandes series o registros de cáncer de próstata publicados a nivel nacional o internacional. La profesión con mayor riesgo para cáncer de próstata se observó en peluqueros o especialistas en tratamientos de belleza, a mayor número de años expuestos. En trabajadores de actividades agrícolas, de la industria del caucho, altamente expuestos a metales inorgánicos o gases de motor diésel no se observó un incremento de riesgo. La exposición a compuestos volátiles de azufre o al polvo de cuarzo está relacionados con un incremento del riesgo para cáncer de próstata. No se detectó incremento de riesgo en pacientes expuestos a cadmio, plaguicidas o hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos.Prostate cancer is the highest incidence cancer in our country, ahead of lung cancer and colorectal cancer. The etiology of prostate cancer or its risk factors are poorly understood and it is considered to be a multifactorial process between age, family history, ethnicity, environmental exposures and lifestyles. Several epidemiological studies have been carried out with the goal of demonstrating the relationship between occupational occupations and development of prostate cancer, but in general, results are not very consistent among the different studies. The professions considered most at risk for this type of cancer are: farmers, rubber industry workers, workers exposed to inorganic metals, pesticides, cadmium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diesel exhaust emissions. Our hypothesis is that occupational occupation can be a risk factor for prostate cancer because workers are exposed to harmful agents that have demonstrated carcinogenic potential in vivo with animals or because there are agents that can alter prostatic enzymatic activities in vitro. In the MCC-Spain study, a multicase-control study with a national population base, 1112 cases of prostate cancer were analyzed and compared with 1388 controls. Clinical and pathological data and data on the working life of these participants have been taken. The Spanish employment-exposure matrix MatEmEsp has been used to interpret, according to the occupations developed by the participant in his life, which agents have been exposed measured in years and intensity. Clinical and pathological characteristics of patients included in MCC-Spain are very similar to other large series or registers of prostate cancer published nationally or internationally. The profession with the highest risk for prostate cancer was observed in hairdressers or beauty treatment specialists, the greater the number of years exposed.Farmers, rubber industry workers, workers highly exposed to inorganic metals or diesel engine gases, no increase in risk was observed. Exposure to volatile sulfur compounds or quartz dust is associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer. No increase in risk was detected in patients exposed to cadmium, pesticides or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Environmental factors and brain tumour risk in young people
No full textRisk factors and diagnosis in young people have been little explored, despite brain tumours (BT) is one of the most frequent tumour type in children and adolescents. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to study 1) the clinical characteristics and symptoms of BTs in young people, based on the international MOBI-Kids case-control study; 2) a systematic review (SR) of the literature on risk of BTs in young people in relation to environmental factors; 3) the BT risk in relation to chemicals present in drinking water and to heavy metals. The analyses of clinical characteristics revealed that the vast majority of tumours were neuroepithelial (mostly gliomas), followed by embryonal tumours and meningiomas. Overall, the most frequent symptoms were headache, followed by focal neurological signs and symptoms, nausea/ vomiting and visual signs and symptoms, being a 4% of the cases asymptomatic. The average time of diagnosis tended to be short (median 1.42 months), though this varied according to tumour type, age and type of symptom. I found many studies that showed an association between environmental factors (including tobacco smoke, pesticides and diet, among other exposures) and BT risk in the SR. Because of methodological limitations however, the evidence about the role of these factors in the aetiology of this disease is still uncertain. Our analyses in relation to water chemicals showed ORs below 1 for exposures to THMs, and ORs above 1 for nitrate exposure, for both pre- and postnatal exposure periods, some statistically significant so. Our analyses of heavy metals showed ORs below 1for exposures to chromium. However, literature is scarce about this association. Overall, this thesis served to fill a gap in knowledge concerning 1) the clinical characteristics of BT in young people, useful to both clinical practice and aetiological research; 2) causes of this disease; 3) the role of heavy metals and ubiquitous chemicals in water. Further research needs on the aetiology and prevention of BTs in young people are provided.Los factores de riesgo y el diagnóstico en los jóvenes han sido poco explorados, a pesar de que los tumores cerebrales (TC) son uno de los tipos de tumores más frecuentes en los niños y jóvenes. El propósito de esta tesis doctoral es el estudio de 1) de las características clínicas y los síntomas de los TC en los jóvenes, basados en el estudio internacional de casos y controles MOBI-Kids; 2) una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el riesgo de TC en jóvenes en relación con factores ambientales; 3) el riesgo de TC en relación con los productos químicos presentes en el agua potable y con los metales pesados. Los análisis de las características clínicas revelaron que la gran mayoría de los tumores eran neuroepiteliales (principalmente gliomas), seguidos de tumores embrionarios y meningiomas. En general, los síntomas más frecuentes fueron dolor de cabeza, seguido de signos y síntomas neurológicos focales, náuseas/ vómitos y problemas en la visión, siendo un 4% de los casos asintomáticos. El tiempo promedio de diagnóstico tendió a ser corto (mediana 1,42 meses), aunque esto varió según el tipo de tumor, la edad y el tipo de síntoma. Encontré muchos estudios que encontraron asociación entre los factores ambientales (incluido el humo del tabaco, los pesticidas y la dieta, entre otras exposiciones) y el riesgo de TC en la revisión sistemática. Sin embargo, debido a limitaciones metodológicas, la evidencia sobre el papel de estos factores en la etiología de esta enfermedad aún es incierta. Nuestros análisis en relación con los productos químicos del agua mostraron unos OR por debajo de 1 para exposiciones a THMs, y OR por encima de 1 para exposición a nitrato, tanto en períodos de exposición prenatales como postnatales, algunos estadísticamente significativos. Nuestros análisis de metales pesados mostraron ORs por debajo de 1 para la exposición al cromo. Sin embargo, la literatura es escasa sobre esta asociación. En general, esta tesis sirvió para llenar un vacío en el conocimiento sobre 1) las características clínicas de la TC en los jóvenes, útiles tanto para la práctica clínica como para la investigación etiológica; 2) causas de esta enfermedad; 3) el papel de los metales pesados y los químicos ubicuos en el agua. Se ha identificado la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones sobre la etiología y la prevención de las TC en los jóvenes.Programa de doctorat en Biomedicin
Exposició a contaminants atmosfèrics i càncer de bufeta urinària a Espanya
Full text linkL'objectiu d'aquest tesi és avaluar els diferents passos en el camí que va des de l'exposició a contaminants atmosfèrics/PAHs fins a la malaltia, el càncer de bufeta urinària. Es van mesurar partícules ultrafines a Barcelona. S'ha avaluat l'exposició a contaminació atmosfèrica en un estudi cas-control, recollint informació sobre la història residencial incloent diversos indicadors de l'exposició a contaminació atmosfèrica i altres factors de risc potencials. Es va dur a terme una revisió sistemàtica de la literatura per avaluar si els nivells de metabòlits del pirè i els aductes d'ADN i de proteïnes es correlacionaven amb nivells baixos d'exposició a PAHs. Vam mesurar els nivells d'aductes d'ADN en un subgrup d'individus de l'estudi cas-control amb la tècnica del radioetiquetatge amb fòsfor-32, tractament de la nucleasa P1. Vam analitzar 22 SNPs en set gens de la via de reparació de l'ADN per excisió de nucleòtids.The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the different steps in the pathway from exposure (air-contaminants/PAHs) to disease (bladder cancer). We measured ultrafine particles in Barcelona. We evaluated the exposure to air pollutants in a case-control study, collecting information on the residential history with proxies for exposure to air pollution and other potential risk factors. We did a systematic review of the literature to evaluate if pyrene metabolites and DNA and protein adducts are correlated with low level exposure to PAHs. We measured bulky DNA adducts in a subgroup of subjects of the case-control study using 32P-Postlabeling, nuclease P1 treatment. We analyzed 22 SNPs in 7 genes of the nucleotide excision repair pathway.Programa de doctorat en Biomedicin
Factores de riesgo ocupacionales en el desarrollo de cáncer de próstata en el estudio MultiCaso-Control-Spain (MCC-Spain)
Full text linkEl cáncer de próstata es el cáncer con mayor incidencia en nuestro país, por delante del cáncer de pulmón y el cáncer colorrectal. La etiología del cáncer de próstata o sus factores de riesgo son poco conocidos y se considera que es un proceso multifactorial entre edad, historia familiar, etnia, exposiciones medioambientales y estilos de vida.
Se han realizado estudios epidemiológicos con la intención de demostrar la relación entre las ocupaciones laborales y el desarrollo de cáncer de próstata, pero en general, los resultados son poco consistentes entre los diferentes estudios. Las profesiones consideradas de mayor riesgo para este tipo de cáncer son: los trabajadores de la agricultura, la industria del caucho, trabajadores expuestos a metales inorgánicos, plaguicidas, al cadmio, a hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos y a emisiones de escape diésel.
Nuestra hipótesis es que la ocupación laboral puede ser un factor de riesgo para cáncer de próstata porque los trabajadores se exponen a agentes nocivos que han demostrado potencial carcinogénico mediante experimentación in vivo con animales o porque hay agentes que pueden alterar las actividades enzimáticas prostáticas in vitro.
En el seno del estudio MCC-Spain, estudio multicaso-control con base poblacional nacional, se han analizado 1112 casos de cáncer de próstata y se han comparado con 1388 controles. Se han tomado datos clínicos, patológicos y datos sobre la vida laboral de estos participantes. Se ha utilizado la matriz de empleo-exposición española MatEmEsp para interpretar, según las ocupaciones desarrolladas por el participante, a qué agentes se han expuesto medidos en años e intensidad.
Las características clínicas y patológicas de los pacientes que incluye MCC-Spain son muy similares a otras grandes series o registros de cáncer de próstata publicados a nivel nacional o internacional.
La profesión con mayor riesgo para cáncer de próstata se observó en peluqueros o especialistas en tratamientos de belleza, a mayor número de años expuestos. En trabajadores de actividades agrícolas, de la industria del caucho, altamente expuestos a metales inorgánicos o gases de motor diésel no se observó un incremento de riesgo.
La exposición a compuestos volátiles de azufre o al polvo de cuarzo está relacionados con un incremento del riesgo para cáncer de próstata. No se detectó incremento de riesgo en pacientes expuestos a cadmio, plaguicidas o hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos.Prostate cancer is the highest incidence cancer in our country, ahead of lung cancer and colorectal cancer. The etiology of prostate cancer or its risk factors are poorly understood and it is considered to be a multifactorial process between age, family history, ethnicity, environmental exposures and lifestyles.
Several epidemiological studies have been carried out with the goal of demonstrating the relationship between occupational occupations and development of prostate cancer, but in general, results are not very consistent among the different studies. The professions considered most at risk for this type of cancer are: farmers, rubber industry workers, workers exposed to inorganic metals, pesticides, cadmium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diesel exhaust emissions.
Our hypothesis is that occupational occupation can be a risk factor for prostate cancer because workers are exposed to harmful agents that have demonstrated carcinogenic potential in vivo with animals or because there are agents that can alter prostatic enzymatic activities in vitro.
In the MCC-Spain study, a multicase-control study with a national population base, 1112 cases of prostate cancer were analyzed and compared with 1388 controls. Clinical and pathological data and data on the working life of these participants have been taken. The Spanish employment-exposure matrix MatEmEsp has been used to interpret, according to the occupations developed by the participant in his life, which agents have been exposed measured in years and intensity.
Clinical and pathological characteristics of patients included in MCC-Spain are very similar to other large series or registers of prostate cancer published nationally or internationally.
The profession with the highest risk for prostate cancer was observed in hairdressers or beauty treatment specialists, the greater the number of years exposed.Farmers, rubber industry workers, workers highly exposed to inorganic metals or diesel engine gases, no increase in risk was observed.
Exposure to volatile sulfur compounds or quartz dust is associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer. No increase in risk was detected in patients exposed to cadmium, pesticides or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Dietary intake of vitamin C and gastric cancer: a pooled analysis within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project
No full textBackground: Previous studies suggest that dietary vitamin C is inversely associated with gastric cancer (GC), but most of them did not consider intake of fruit and vegetables. Thus, we aimed to evaluate this association within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, a consortium of epidemiological studies on GC. Methods: Fourteen case-control studies were included in the analysis (5362 cases, 11,497 controls). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between dietary intake of vitamin C and GC, adjusted for relevant confounders and for intake of fruit and vegetables. The dose-response relationship was evaluated using mixed-effects logistic models with second-order fractional polynomials. Results: Individuals in the highest quartile of dietary vitamin C intake had reduced odds of GC compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.72). Additional adjustment for fruit and vegetables intake led to an OR of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.98). A significant inverse association was observed for noncardia GC, as well as for both intestinal and diffuse types of the disease. The results of the dose-response analysis showed decreasing ORs of GC up to 150-200 mg/day of vitamin C (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.71), whereas ORs for higher intakes were close to 1.0. Conclusions: The findings of our pooled study suggest that vitamin C is inversely associated with GC, with a potentially beneficial effect also for intakes above the currently recommended daily intake (90 mg for men and 75 mg for women)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Aspirin but not statins is inversely related to gastric cancer with a duration-risk effect: Results from the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project Consortium
No full textBackground: Aspirin and statins have been suggested to have potential chemopreventive effects against gastric cancer (GC), although the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. This study therefore aimed to investigate the association between the use of aspirin and statins and GC. Methods: A pooled analysis of seven case-control studies within the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project, including 3220 cases and 9752 controls, was conducted. Two-stage modeling analyses were used to estimate the association between aspirin and statin use and GC after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The pooled odds ratio (OR) of GC for aspirin users versus nonusers was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.95). The protective effect of aspirin appeared stronger in individuals without a GC family history (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37-0.95), albeit with borderline heterogeneity between those with and without a family history (p = .064). The OR of GC decreased with increasing duration of aspirin use, with an OR of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.18-0.95) for durations of ≥15 years. An inverse, nonsignificant association with the risk of GC was observed for the use of statins alone (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.52-1.18). Conclusions: These findings suggest that aspirin use, particularly long-term use, is associated with a reduced risk of GC, whereas a similar association was not observed with statins, possibly because of the low frequency of use.This study was funded by the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (Project 21378 to Carlo La Vecchia) and by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (PNRR per la Missione 4, Componente 2, Investimento1.1.Avviso 104/2022 Finanziato dall'Unione Europea–Next Generation EU Progetto MUR PRIN prot 2022A4WZFC to Stefania Boccia). Nuno Lunet and Samantha Morais are supported by national funds via the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) within the scope of Projects UIDB/04750/2020 and LA/P/0064/2020. Samantha Morais also received funding under the scope of Project “NEON-PC—Neuro-oncological complications of prostate cancer: Longitudinal study of cognitive decline” (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032358; Reference PTDC/SAU-EPI/32358/2017) funded by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional via the Operational Program “Competitiveness and Internationalisation,” national funding from the FCT, and EPIUnit–Junior Research–Prog financing (UIDP/04750/2020). This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the US National Cancer Institute. The authors thank the European Cancer Prevention Organization for providing support for project meetings
Identifying the profile of helicobacter pylori-negative gastric cancers: a case-only analysis within the stomach cancer pooling (StoP) project
No full textBackground: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric cancer (HpNGC) can be as low as 1%, when infection is assessed using more sensitive tests or considering the presence of gastric atrophy. HpNGC may share a high-risk profile contributing to the occurrence of cancer in the absence of infection. We estimated the proportion of HpNGC, using different criteria to define infection status, and compared HpNGC and positive cases regarding gastric cancer risk factors. Methods: Cases from 12 studies from the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project providing data on H. pylori infection status determined by serologic test were included. HpNGC was reclassified as positive (eight studies) when cases presented CagA markers (four studies), gastric atrophy (six studies), or advanced stage at diagnosis (three studies), and were compared with positive cases. A two-stage approach (random-effects models) was used to pool study-specific prevalence and adjusted odds ratios (OR). Results: Among non-cardia cases, the pooled prevalence of HpNGC was 22.4% (n = 166/853) and decreased to 7.0% (n = 55) when considering CagA status; estimates for all criteria were 21.8% (n = 276/1,325) and 6.6% (n = 97), respectively. HpNGC had a family history of gastric cancer more often [OR = 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-4.61] and were current smokers (OR = 2.16; 95% CI, 0.52-9.02). Conclusion: This study found a low prevalence of HpNGC, who are more likely to have a family history of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives. Impact: Our results support that H. pylori infection is present in most non-cardia gastric cancers, and suggest that HpNGC may have distinct patterns of exposure to other risk factors
Peptic ulcer as mediator of the association between risk of gastric cancer and socioeconomic status, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and salt intake
No full textData de publicació electrònica: 13-07-2022Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer (GC) are more prevalent in individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) and share several risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of PUD in the association between established risk factors and GC. Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of 12 studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project Consortium, including a total of 4877 GC cases and 11 808 controls. We explored the mediating role of PUD in the association between SES, tobacco smoking, heavy alcohol drinking and salt intake, and GC. Also, we assessed the ORs and 95% CIs of the risk factors and both PUD and GC. Results: PUD mediated 36% of the smoking effect mainly among men. Other risk factors were only slightly mediated by PUD (SES, 5.3%; heavy alcohol drinking, 3.3%; and salt intake, 2.5%). No significant difference was found when excluding PUD diagnosed within 2 years from GC. Conclusions: Our study provides innovative information on the mechanism of stomach mucosal damage leading to PUD and GC, with respect to the effect of tobacco smoking in particular
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