1,720,968 research outputs found
Association of vaccine hesitancy and immunization coverage rates in the European Union
No full textWhile previous studies have validated vaccine hesitancy scales with uptake behavior at the individual level, the conditions under which aggregated survey data are useful are less clear. We show that vaccine public opinion data aggregated at the subnational level can serve as a valid indicator of aggregate vaccine behaviour. We use a public opinion survey (Eurobarometer EB 91.2) with data on vaccine hesitancy for the EU in 2019. We link this information to (subnational) regional immunization coverage rates for childhood vaccines – DTP3, MCV1, and MCV2 -- obtained from the WHO for 2019. We conduct multilevel regression analyses with data for 177 regions in 20 countries. Given the variation in vaccine hesitancy and immunization rates between countries and within countries, we affirm the valuable role that surveys can play as a public health surveillance tool when it comes to vaccine behavior. We find statistically significantly lower regional vaccine immunization rates in regions where vaccine hesitancy is more pronounced. Our results suggest that different uptake rates across subnational regions are due, at least in part, to differences in attitudes towards vaccines and vaccination. The results are robust to several alternative specifications
The politics of vaccine hesitancy in Europe
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Vaccine hesitancy threatens public health. Some evidence suggests that vaccine hesitancy in Europe may be linked with the success of populist parties, but more systematic analysis is needed. METHODS: We examine the prevalence of individual-level vaccine hesitancy across the European Union (EU) and its association with political orientations. We also analyze whether success of populist parties is linked with vaccine hesitancy and uptake. We draw on individual-level Eurobarometer data from 2019, with a total of 27 524 respondents across the EU. We also rely on national and regional-level populist party vote shares. Finally, for a time-series analysis, we rely on aggregated populist party support as measured in the European Social Survey waves 1–9 (2002–18), and national immunization coverage rates from the WHO from 2002 to 2018. RESULTS: While vaccine hesitancy is confined to a minority of the population, this group is large enough to risk herd immunity. Political orientations on a left-right dimension are not strongly linked to vaccine hesitancy. Instead, vaccine hesitancy is associated with anti-elite world views and culturally closed rather than cosmopolitan positions. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine hesitancy is not only present in all EU member states but also maps on broader dimensions of cultural conflict. Hesitancy is rooted in a broader worldview, rather than misperceptions about health risks. Pro-vaccine interventions need to consider the underlying worldview, rather than simply targeting misperceptions
Accounting for the rise in personal bankruptcy rate in the United States between 1959-1987, 1988
Full text linkThis thesis is concerned with the major factors that account for the rise in personal bankruptcy rate in the United States. These factors are the Reform Act of 1978, Unemployment, Divorce Rate, Debt-Income Ratio, and Age. An econometrics model was used in both a crosssectional and time series model to predict and see how much these factors effect personal bankruptcy. The objective of this thesis is to use an econometrics model that helped explain successfully the cross-sectional and time series variation in personal bankruptcy. The results of the thesis found that the Reform Act was a major cause of rise in personal bankruptcy
Manufactured exports in Thailand, 1988
Full text linkThe study attempts to estimate manufactured exports in Thailand during the period of devaluations (1981-1985). This is done by the ordinally least-squares method. The relevant factors, the real effective exchange rate, the capacity utilization rate, and the prices of non-traded goods are used to estimate nine export value of manufactured products equations. The multiple regression results are satisfactory and support the expecta�tions. The real effective exchange rate and the capacity utilization rate are the dominant (determinant) factors in affecting the value of manufactured exports in Thailand during the period in this study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Political economy of development: Discussion and analysis of the Nigerian Federal Government development policies on agriculture over the period: 1975-1985, 1989
Full text linkWhat will be discussed in this study is the impacts of the Federal Government Development Policies on agricultural output over the period 19751985. The writer attempted to examine the third and fourth National Development Plans; the Agricultural Policy on Marketing; the Import Policy; and the credits policy. These policies were discussed and analyzed. After that the trends of agricultural output were also discussed and analyzed. The result obtained from this study is that even though government had policy objects that addressed the need for rapid growth of agricultural output, the policy did not bring the growth needed for agricultural output
An analysis of residential water demand in Georgia
Full text linkIn recent years, Georgia has experienced record-breaking spring and summer droughts. Increasing population and urbanization have also created concern about the availability of water, especially for residential use. Several steps have been taken to address this problem, including voluntary and mandatory restrictions on water use. Politicians and engineers have argued that the construction of 'reregulation' dams was the most feasible solution. The premise of this study is that future water supply problems are primarily economic. It analyses the demand characteristics of Georgia's residential water market. A theoretical model was developed using price, income, value of residence, percent of white population, age, percent of rural population, and percent of owner-occupied housing units as independent variables and quantity of water demanded as the dependent variable. The parameters of the model was estimated using ordinary least squares regression techniques. The results of this study show that the price of water can be used to adjust the quantity demanded during periods of high demand or low supply. In other words, before expensive construction which may necessitate a price rise is undertaken, the effect of price changes on demand and revenue should be considered
- …
