921,802 research outputs found
Entrevista a la licenciada Lorena Carracedo, profesora de sordos e inspectora escolar de escuelas especiales de CABA
No full textEsta entrevista a la licenciada Lorena Carracedo, profesora de sordos y supervisora de Educación Especial de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), fue realizada en el marco de un Proyecto de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (PICT) que busca comprender, desde una perspectiva etnográfica, de qué maneras utilizan y producen materiales didácticos los y las docentes (sordos/as y oyentes) en escuelas especiales bilingües de personas sordas. Asimismo, la entrevista se llevó a cabo en un momento de gran expectativa para la comunidad sorda, dado el inminente tratamiento de la Ley Federal de Lengua de Señas Argentina (LSA) en la Cámara de Senadores de la Nación. Dicha ley fue aprobada, finalmente, apenas unos días después de esta entrevista.
En la entrevista, la licenciada Carracedo nos comparte su mirada experta sobre las problemáticas que atraviesa la educación de las personas sordas, la educación bilingüe y el lugar de la LSA y el español escrito en la formación de los alumnos sordos. A lo largo del diálogo con Carracedo, hacemos foco en dos escuelas emblemáticas de la ciudad: las Escuelas Especiales Bilingües para Niños/as, jóvenes y Adultos con Discapacidad Auditiva y Formación Integral "Prof. Bartolomé Ayrolo" (N° 28 DE 16 ) y "Dr. Osvaldo Magnasco" (N° 29 DE 18).
Creadas a fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX respectivamente, ambas escuelas son instituciones pioneras en la educación de las personas sordas del país y han cumplido un rol fundamental en la creación y la consolidación de la LSA y de la comunidad sorda nacional. Durante gran parte de su historia, Ayrolo y Magnasco fueron escuelas residenciales donde niños/as sordos/as de todo el país convivían por largos períodos de tiempo. A pesar de que ambas escuelas siguieron a lo largo de décadas una metodología oralista, impidiendo el uso de los llamados "gestos" dentro del aula, en todos los demás espacios (dormitorios, pasillos y patios de recreo) los niños/as sordos/as tenían un alto grado de interacción cotidiana, lo cual contribuyó a la creación de lo que hoy es una lengua de señas nacional, la LSA, y a la consolidación de un grupo lingüístico-cultural altamente cohesionado: la comunidad sorda argentina.
A continuación, presentamos la entrevista a la licenciada Lorena Carracedo, quien generosamente nos ha brindado su tiempo para contarnos un poco más sobre la situación actual de la educación de las personas sordas en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.Esta entrevista com a Licenciada Lorena Carracedo, professora de surdos e supervisora de Educação Especial da Cidade de Buenos Aires, foi realizada no âmbito de um projeto de pesquisa PICT que busca compreender, a partir de uma perspectiva etnográfica, de que maneiras os professores (surdos e ouvintes) em escolas especiais bilíngues para pessoas surdas utilizam e produzem materiais didáticos. Além disso, a entrevista foi realizada em um momento de grande expectativa para a comunidade surda, devido ao iminente tratamento da Lei Federal de Língua de Sinais Argentina (LSA) no Senado Nacional. Essa lei foi aprovada apenas alguns dias após a entrevista.
Na entrevista, a Licenciada Carracedo compartilha conosco sua visão especializada sobre os problemas enfrentados pela educação de pessoas surdas, educação bilíngue e o papel da LSA e do espanhol escrito na formação dos alunos surdos. Durante o diálogo com Carracedo, nos concentramos em duas escolas emblemáticas da cidade: as Escolas Especiais Bilíngues para Crianças, Jovens e Adultos com Deficiência Auditiva e Formação Integral "Prof. Bartolomé Ayrolo" (N° 28 DE 16) e "Dr. Osvaldo Magnasco" (N° 29 DE 18).
Criadas no final do século XIX e início do século XX, ambas as escolas são instituições pioneiras na educação de pessoas surdas no país e desempenharam um papel fundamental na criação e consolidação da LSA e da comunidade surda nacional. Durante grande parte de sua história, Ayrolo e Magnasco eram escolas residenciais onde crianças surdas de todo o país conviviam por longos períodos de tempo. Embora ambas as escolas tenham seguido por décadas uma metodologia oralista, impedindo o uso dos chamados "gestos" dentro da sala de aula, em todos os outros espaços (dormitórios, corredores e pátios de recreio), as crianças surdas tinham um alto grau de interação diária, o que contribuiu para a criação do que hoje é uma língua de sinais nacional, a LSA, e a consolidação de um grupo linguístico-cultural altamente coeso: a comunidade surda argentina.
A seguir, apresentamos a entrevista com a Licenciada Lorena Carracedo, que generosamente nos concedeu seu tempo para nos contar um pouco mais sobre a situação atual da educação de pessoas surdas na Cidade de Buenos Aires.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació
Mitochondrial echoes of first settlement and genetic continuity in El Salvador
No full text<b>Background</b>: From Paleo-Indian times to recent historical episodes, the Mesoamerican isthmus played an important role in the distribution and patterns of variability all around the double American continent. However, the amount of genetic information currently available on Central American continental populations is very scarce. In order to shed light on the role of Mesoamerica in the peopling of the New World, the present study focuses on the analysis of the mtDNA variation in a population sample from El Salvador.
<b>Methodology/Principal Findings</b>: We have carried out DNA sequencing of the entire control region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome in 90 individuals from El Salvador. We have also compiled more than 3,985 control region profiles from the public domain and the literature in order to carry out inter-population comparisons. The results reveal a predominant Native American component in this region: by far, the most prevalent mtDNA haplogroup in this country (at ~90%) is A2, in contrast with other North, Meso- and South American populations. Haplogroup A2 shows a star-like phylogeny and is very diverse with a substantial proportion of mtDNAs (45%; sequence range 16090–16365) still unobserved in other American populations. Two different Bayesian approaches used to estimate admixture proportions in El Salvador shows that the majority of the mtDNAs observed come from North America. A preliminary founder analysis indicates that the settlement of El Salvador occurred about 13,400±5,200 Y.B.P.. The founder age of A2 in El Salvador is close to the overall age of A2 in America, which suggests that the colonization of this region occurred within a few thousand years of the initial expansion into the Americas.
<b>Conclusions/Significance</b>: As a whole, the results are compatible with the hypothesis that today's A2 variability in El Salvador represents to a large extent the indigenous component of the region. Concordant with this hypothesis is also the observation of a very limited contribution from European and African women (~5%). This implies that the Atlantic slave trade had a very small demographic impact in El Salvador in contrast to its transformation of the gene pool in neighbouring populations from the Caribbean facade
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Growth, structure, instability and collapse of Canarian volcanoes and comparisons with Hawaiian volcanoes
No full textRecent onshore and offshore investigations in the Canarian archipelago, especially in the western islands of La Palma and El Hierro, have greatly improved the understanding of the genesis and evolution of these islands and allow interesting comparisons with other hotspot-induced oceanic island volcanoes, especially the Hawaiian archipelago. Genesis induced by hotspot activity and, consequently, shield and post-erosional stages of growth allow the definition of similar main stratigraphic units. The Canarian and Hawaiian volcanoes show common constructional and structural features, such as rift zones, progressive volcano instability and multiple gravitational collapses. However, the Canaries present some important geological differences from the prototypical hotspot volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands, particularly the absence of significant subsidence; The Canarian volcanoes remain emergent until completely mass-wasted by gravitational collapses and erosion. Volcanic formations over 20 million years are observable in outcrop in the Canaries, including the seamount stages of growth in several of the islands.1911,049Q2SCI
The Teide Volcano, Tenerife, Canary Islands
No full textThe Teide Volcano rises 3,718 m a.s.l. and 7,500 m above the seafloor and is the world’s third-highest volcanic structure. The last eruptions of this active volcanic system occurred in the Early Middle Ages in the Teide stratocone summit and in the western rift zone in 1909. The explicitness of the Teide’s volcanism led von Buch and von Humboldt to abandon Neptunism in favour of Plutonism, a crucial step in the progress of modern geology and volcanology. The Teide volcanic complex comprises a spectacular volcanic system that includes mafic eruptions from active rift zones and a pair of felsic stratocones encircled by peripheral lava domes. This volcanic system is nested within the depression originated by a giant landslide that occurred about 200 ka ago. The gravitational collapse favoured the emplacement of shallow felsic magma chambers under the main stratovolcanoes, interacting with the deeper mafic magmas that feed the rift zones. This led to a continuous compositional progression in a bimodal basanite–phonolite series, with the mafic terms at the distal ends of the rifts and the felsic component in the central stratocones. Compositional differences are reflected in the diversity of eruptive mechanisms and in the variety of volcanic landforms and structures and their associated landscapes. The Teide Volcano was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2007 as a site of extraordinary natural beauty and exceptional geological values, which provides highly significant evidence helping to understand geological processes in the evolution of oceanic volcanic islands.27225
The Canary Islands: An example of structural control on the growth of large oceanic-island volcanoes
No full textDike complexes, which are increasingly accepted as a common feature in the growth of most oceanic volcanoes, are well represented in the Canary Islands, where their deep structure can be readily observed through hundreds of infiltration galleries excavated for water mining. These intrusive complexes have their surficial representation as narrow, clearly aligned clusters of emission centers that, cumulatively, form steep topographic ridges. In the subsoil, a narrow band of tightly packed parallel dikes runs through the center of the structure. These volcanotectonic features behave as true active polygenetic volcanoes and show clear rift affinities. The geometry of these rift zones is either single or three-branched. The two-branched stage, probably transitional, has not been observed. The rift zones play a key role in the mass wasting and destruction of mature oceanic volcanoes. Cumulative gravitational stresses related to the growth of the volcanic edifices increase their instability. More ephemeral mechanisms associated with intense eruptive phases, such as dike wedging, increase of slope angles and strong local seismicity associated with magma movement can finally trigger massive landslides. Massive landslides, enhanced by later erosion, may be the explanation for the origin of numerous horseshoe-type valleys and calderas in the Canary Islands. The “least-effort” geometry of complex rift zones seems to fit some mechanism of magma-induced upwelling, such as a hotspot, in the explanation of the genesis of the Canarian Archipelago. The rift zones play a major role in the distribution of historic volcanism in the Canary Islands and, therefore, in their volcanic hazards assessment.241225SCI
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The 1730–1736 Eruption of Lanzarote, Canary Islands
No full textEruptions resumed in 1730 in Lanzarote Island after a prolonged period of volcanic repose, probably encompassing the entire Holocene. This historical eruption involved about 3–5 km3 of basaltic pyroclasts and lavas, covering some 225 km2 (one third of the island). The accumulation of volcanic products had a strong impact on the landscape of this Miocene oceanic island. This was the second largest effusive basaltic event in recorded history, surpassed only by the 1783 Lakagigar eruption in Iceland. The central part of Lanzarote was mantled by lapilli-derived soils and aeolian sands, which provided a strongly contrasting ground for the basaltic products of the 1730 eruption. After the initial phase of the eruption, the style changed and new vents were controlled by a 15-km-long volcano–tectonic zip-like eastwards-progressing fissure, with the first vents opening offshore west of the island. This abrupt modification may explain the progression of this eruption, from the average duration of historical Canarian eruptions (a few months), towards an exceptionally prolonged period of about six years. Besides duration, other outstanding features of the 1730–1736 eruption include the tholeiitic composition of lavas and the length of flows and lava tubes, particularly in the final stages. Initially, the eruption had a catastrophic impact on the resources of the island, since most of the farmland was covered by lavas and lapilli. However, agriculture significantly improved after the eruption with the introduction of dry farming, using lapilli cover as a new mulching technique.28827
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular calcification
No full textCardiovascular calcification is a pathophysiological process characterized by the deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals in the arteries and the leaflets of the heart valves. In the arteries calcification causes arterial stiffness, which may lead to poor cardiac perfusion, systolic hypertension and heart failure. In the aortic valve, calcification causes left ventricular outflow obstruction. Currently, no medical treatment exists to halt or reverse cardiovascular calcification. For that reason, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular calcification is of particular importance.Molecularly, cardiovascular calcification is a continuum comprising intertwined physicochemical and biologically active processes. In particular, cardiovascular calcification commences when cells become overburdened by the mineral imbalance typical of chronic kidney disease (CKD), or the unresolved inflammation characteristic of atherosclerosis and aortic valve stenosis (AVS). These alterations in homeostasis lead to changes in the fate and phenotype of structural cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and valvular interstitial cells (VICs). This phenotypic switch is characterized by: the loss of calcification inhibitors, an increase in pro-osteogenic signaling, changes in proliferation, abnormal processing and synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM), and alterations in autophagy.In the current thesis, three pathways relevant to cardiovascular calcification are discussed. First, in Articles I and II, the G-protein coupled receptor ChemR23 arises as a promoter of a synthetic and proliferative VSMC phenotype, prone to phosphate-induced calcification. Importantly, this phenotype could be reverted by genetic deletion of ChemR23, and calcification was inhibited by the ChemR23 ligands: RvE1 and chemerin. Translationally, chemerin was negatively associated with coronary artery calcification in CKD patients. Moreover, in Article III, ChemR23 expressed in macrophages, promoted the resolution of inflammation, and inhibited VSMC proliferation in a mouse model of intimal hyperplasia. Secondly, Article IV demonstrates that iron, preferentially present in the calcified regions of the aortic valve, accumulated in VICs. This uptake of iron enhanced VIC proliferation and actively contributed to the ECM remodeling. Finally, Article V reveals a detrimental role of the second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib on the aortic valve. In vivo, nilotinib promoted aortic valve thickening. In vitro, nilotinib enhanced VIC osteoblastic trans- differentiation, increased calcification and inhibited autophagy. Mechanistically, nilotinib preferentially inhibited the most abundant collagen sensing tyrosine kinase in the valve: the discoidin domain receptor 2.Overall the results from this thesis suggests that changes in VSMC and VIC phenotype, as well as alterations in the ECM content and sensing can have profound effects on cardiovascular calcification, and therefore serve as potential therapeutic targets.List of scientific papersI. Carracedo, M.; Artiach, G.; Witasp, A.; Claria, J.; Carlstrom, M.; Laguna- Fernandez, A.; Stenvinkel, P.; Bäck, M. The G-protein coupled receptor ChemR23 determines smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching to enhance high phosphate-induced vascular calcification. Cardiovascular Res. 2018 Dec 28. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvy316 II. Carracedo, M.; Witasp, A.; Qureshi, A.; Brismar, T.; Stenvinkel, P.; Bäck, M. Chemerin inhibits vascular calcification through ChemR23 and is associated with lower coronary calcium in chronic kidney disease. [Submitted]III. Artiach, G.; Carracedo, M.; Claria, J.; Laguna-Fernandez, A.; Bäck, M. Opposing effects on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and macrophage-induced inflammation reveal a protective role for the proresolving lipid mediator receptor ChemR23 in intimal hyperplasia. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2018;9:1327. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01327 IV. Laguna-Fernandez, A.; Carracedo, M.; Jeanson, G.; Nagy, E.; Eriksson, P.; Caligiuri, G.; Franco-Cereceda, A.; Bäck, M. Iron alters valvular interstitial cell function and is associated with calcification in aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(47):3532-3535. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw122 V. Carracedo, M.; Artiach, G.; Pouwer, M.; Persson, O.; Saliba, P.; Ehrenborg, E.; Eriksson, P.; Princen, H.; Franco-Cereceda, A.; Bäck, M. The second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib inhibits discoid domain receptor 2 in human aortic valves, increases aortic valve thickness and induces valvular interstitial cell calcification. [Submitted]</p
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