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El manejo del silencio: La estética de la censura en Alejandra Basualto
No full textAlejandra Basualto is a little studied yet significant Chilean prose writer and poet whose first short story collection, La mujer de yeso (1988), exemplifies the redefinition of the woman writer that occurred in many female- authored fiction texts published during the Pinochet regime. Exemplifying the aesthetic of censorship and silence characterizing her entire short story collection, analyses in this article of “La espera” and “1954” reveal how Basualto undermines the repressive hierarchies defining Chilean politics of the dictatorship era as well as the national literary establishment through what I call her aesthetic of silence and censorship. The art of censorship recalls the context of dictatorial repression Basualto confronts in this
collection, while the aesthetic of silence points to the dialogue with international feminist thought perceptible in the compilation. In these two short stories, creative women protagonists challenge institutional power structures by assuming the feminized positions of vulnerability and silence. Basualto incorporates literary strategies like metaphors, mythical allusions, and ellipses to create an intricate textual dynamic representing repressive military tactics like censorship and disappearing dissidents. A story inscribed on a tortured and repressed female body longing to create, an extended metaphor for the Chilean nation and its writers, “La espera” showcases artists’ frustrated attempts to create during the regime while representing the psychological despair of Chileans suffering due to the “disappearance” of their loved ones. The focus on women and writing in “1954” depicts women authors’ need to identify female literary models and to imagine belonging to same-sex writers’ communities to succeed as authors despite the male-dominant literary establishment, traditional gender roles, and military and self-censorship.
Alejandra Basualto es una significativa prosista y poeta chilena poco estudiada, cuya primera colección de cuentos, La mujer de yeso (1988), ejemplifica la redefinición de las escritoras mujeres que se produce en muchos de los textos de ficción de autoría femenina publicados durante el régimen de Pinochet. Ejemplificando la estética de la censura y el silencio que caracteriza a toda su colección de cuentos, los análisis en este artículo de “La espera” y “1954” revelan cómo Basualto socava las jerarquías represivas que definen la política chilena de la era de la dictadura, así como el establecimiento literario nacional a través de lo que yo llamo la estética de silencio y censura. El arte de la censura recuerda el contexto de represión dictatorial que Basualto enfrenta en esta colección, mientras que la estética del silencio apunta al diálogo con el pensamiento feminista internacional perceptible en la compilación. En estos dos relatos, las mujeres creativas protagonistas desafían las estructuras de poder institucional asumiendo posiciones feminizadas de vulnerabilidad y silencio. Basualto incorpora estrategias literarias como metáforas, alusiones míticas y elipses para crear una intrincada dinámica textual que representa tácticas militares represivas como la censura y el acto de desaparecer a los disidentes. Una historia inscrita en un cuerpo femenino torturado y reprimido que anhela crear, una metáfora extendida de la nación chilena y sus escritores, «La espera» muestra los intentos frustrados de los artistas por crear durante el régimen mientras representan la desesperación psicológica de los chilenos que sufren debido a la «Desaparición» de sus seres queridos. El enfoque en las mujeres y la escritura en “1954” describe la necesidad de las autoras de identificar modelos literarios femeninos e imaginar pertenecer a comunidades de escritoras del mismo sexo para tener éxito como autoras a pesar del establecimiento literario dominado por hombres, los roles de género tradicionales, así como también el militar y la autocensura.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Acting up and carrying on: Women writers of Chile, 1945--2006
Full text linkDissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Kansas, Spanish and Portuguese, 2006.Analyses of exemplary novels, short stories, and collaborative literary activities that took place during three key historical periods (the 1950s and 1960s, the Pinochet dictatorship, and the transition from dictatorship to democracy) highlight the importance of collaboration and group formation among Chilean women writers. During these periods, female authors used art to push for the equal representation of women in political, cultural, and everyday life. In both their narrative texts as well as in their public lives as artists, the authors featured in this study typify the ways women writers of their eras worked together to create prototypes of female artists as architects of both socio-political equality and aesthetic innovation. Beginning with the first rumblings of collective political-literary activity in the 1950s and ending shortly before the 2006 presidential elections, this dissertation plots the strategies and patterns uniting three groups of female intellectual activists in a literary genealogy fashioned deliberately to advance common, liberating goals. A sustained focus on female Künstlerromans, which were either performed in the public sphere or published as novels and short stories, illuminates how the writers of these periods used art to create and represent oppositional views counteracting discrimination and oppression. Analyses of María Elena Gertner's La mujer de sal and María Carolina Geel's Cárcel de mujeres, novels of the Generation of 1950, show that women artists of the 1950s and 1960s began using narrative to galvanize subaltern voices. From the Generation of 1980, analyses of Pía Barros's role as founder and director of the Ergo Sum workshop and press, and short stories by Alejandra Basualto locate the apex of collective political-literary action during the Pinochet regime. Finally, readings of Nona Fernández's Mapocho and Andrea Jeftanovic's Escenario de guerra , novels which showcase the collective vision of the writers of the Group of Cultural Industry, illustrate how contemporary authors have updated the projects of their literary antecedents of the Generations of 1950 and 1980, casting female artist heroines in crucial leadership roles during the transition from dictatorship to democracy
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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