1,721,131 research outputs found
IL-1{beta} Induced Transcriptional Up-regulation of Bradykinin B1 and B2 Receptors in Murine Airways.
No full textHyperresponsiveness to bronchoconstrictor stimuli is a major pathophysiologic feature of asthma, but the molecular mechanisms behind this are not fully understood. The release of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta during the inflammatory process is believed to play an important role in airway hyperresponsiveness. We have previously demonstrated, using a murine in vitro model of chronic airway inflammation, that TNF-alpha up-regulated bradykinin B-1 and B-2 receptors in the airway smooth muscle. By using the same model, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of IL-1 beta and its interaction with TNF-alpha on the expression of bradykinin B-1 and B-2 receptors in mouse tracheal smooth muscle. IL-1 beta up-regulated bradykinin B-1 and B2 receptor expression and increased contractile response to bradykinin B-1 and B-2 receptor agonists (des-Argl-bradykinin and bradykinin, respectively) in the tracheal smooth muscle. Transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (INK) inhibitors SP600125 and TAT-TI-JIP(153-163), but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2) inhibitor PD98059, significantly attenuated this up-regulation, indicating that a transcriptional mechanism and intracellular JNK signal transduction pathway were involved. In addition, IL-1 beta did not affect bradykinin B-1 and B-2 receptor mRNA stability. Remicade, an anti-TNF-a antibody, markedly suppressed IL-1 beta-incluced up-regulation of bradykinin B-1 and B-2 receptors, suggesting that TNF-alpha was involved in the up-regulation, which is further supported by the fact that IL-1 beta enhanced TNF-alpha mRNA expression in the tracheae. Intracellular INK pathway and TNF-alpha might provide key links between inflammatory mediators like IL-1 beta and airway hyperresponsiveness to bradykinin
Up-regulation of bradykinin receptors in a murine in-vitro model of chronic airway inflammation.
No full textGlucocorticoids suppress transcriptional up-regulation of bradykinin receptors in a murine in vitro model of chronic airway inflammation.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Heme oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase in human middle ear epithelium indicates local carbon monoxide and nitric oxide production.
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