1,720,980 research outputs found
Reflections on a theory of artificial intelligence
No full textIn the following pages, Bruno Latour’s conception of modern epistemology is analyzed. Although Latour considered modernity to be at an end, the chapter shows how the modern analytical approach is still active in the contemporary world.
Research on artificial intelligence (AI) is no exception. Despite the fact that some experts and practitioners continue to promulgate a modern and reductionist conception of technology, the chapter show how that approach does not stand the test of time and how it leads to misunderstandings and misconceptions about AI and human cognition.
By reflecting on the theoretical assumptions underlying neural networks, currently the state of the art in AI research, the paper proposes an alternative approach to epistemological reductionism. These assumptions bring Latour's call about the constructed and hybrid character of phenomena back to the centre of the debate. This approach will prove fundamental in laying the groundwork for a philosophical reflection on AI
Segni e suoni. Un'analisi linguistica della semantica dei codici musicali
Full text linkL’articolo propone un’analisi del rapporto fra musica e linguaggio, a partire da due approcci semantici alternativi, con un duplice obiettivo: 1) illustrare le conseguenze di diverse teorie del significato per la comprensione della musica; 2) capire quale impostazione risulta più appropriata per rispondere alle istanze teoriche poste da questo confronto. Le prospettive prese in considerazione, privilegiando diversi aspetti del fenomeno musicale, sembrano sostenere istanze non conciliabili. Da un lato, la prospettiva referenzialista evidenzia il fatto innegabile che la musica suscita interpretazioni, contenuti, significati, accostando in questo modo la musica alle lingue storico naturali e alle loro capacità denotative, dall’altro l’analisi semiologica descrive la musica come materia acustica organizzata, il cui unico contenuto consiste nell’esibizione di rapporti formali. Le rispettive istanze possono coesistere spostando il centro del confronto dai prodotti delle attività linguistiche e musicali, al tipo di operatività esibita dai due fenomeni, prendendo come radice comune delle due attività (linguistica e musicale) la capacità generale di articolare segni, delineata da Saussure nel Corso di Linguistica Generale. Una volta posta questa prospettiva, diventa possibile conciliare le istanze contenutistiche dell’interpretazione musicale insieme con la sua descrizione formale e porre il confronto in termini produttivi
L'incommensurabilità dell'esperienza umana. Forma e materia nell'era digitale
No full text1. Dati naturali e dati artificiali
2. Oggetti naturali
3. Oggetti digitali – 3.1. Forma degli oggetti digitali – 3.2. Materia degli oggetti digitali
4. Schematismo computazionale
5. Tecnologia ed esperienz
Digital humanism. A human-centric approach to digitla technologies
No full textThis book provides an accessible and up to date overview of the foundational issues about both emerging constructive understandings of the digital era and still hidden and ignored aspects that could instead be dramatically relevant in the future, in the process of a technological humanism. The book offers relevant scientific and ethical questions bringing together professionals and researchers, from different professional and disciplinary fields, who have a shared interest in investigating operative aspects of technological, digital and cultural transitions of humans and their capacity of building human societies. The challenges are clear but there is a lack of an epistemological, anthropological, economic and social agenda that would enable a drive to such transitions towards a technological humanism.
This book provides an ideal platform for professionals and scholars, not only providing tools for problem analysis, but also indicating shared directions, needs and objectives for a common goal; the creation of new scenarios instead of the creation of fears and manipulated social imaginaria
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Rethinking “digital”: a genealogical enquiry into the meaning of digital and its impact on individuals and society
Full text linkIn the current social and technological scenario, the term digital is abundantly used with an apparently transparent and unambiguous meaning. This article aims to unveil the complexity of this concept, retracing its historical and cultural origin. This genealogical overview allows to understand the reason why an instrumental conception of digital media has prevailed, considering the digital as a mere tool to convey a message, as opposed to a constitutive conception. The constitutive conception places the digital phenomenon in the broader ground of media studies, and it considers digital technologies as an interface between the subject and the world. In this perspective, the media is not added to the experience of the person, but it shapes it from within on a cognitive, expressive and communicative level. The article makes use of two powerful examples to show the shortcomings of an instrumental conception of the digital, and to affirm the value of a constitutive conception for current media studies regarding digital interfaces
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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