1,721,287 research outputs found
Colorectal cancer screening saves lives: The last piece of the puzzle
Full text linkThere is strong evidence and guidelines that recommend colorectal cancer screening. The benefits of screening are early diagnosis and cancer prevention, through removal of precancerous lesions such as polyps and lateral-spreading tumors. Several countries have established organized or opportunistic screening programs, but there is some debate about the evidence on which screening is based, and some issues are undefined
Colorectal cancer screening in Italy: A survey of gastroenterologists’ clinical practices
Full text linkIn Italy CRC screening program invites people between 50 and 69 years to perform a biannual fecal occult blood test FIT and in individuals with a positive result a colonoscopy is offered. Data about how CRC screening is specifically conducted in Italy is currently lacking. The study of the existing discrepancies is a first necessary step to planning corrective measures to bridge the gap between current clinical practice and recommendations [5]. Therefore, the Scientific Committee of Federazione Italiana Società Malattie Apparato Digerente (FISMAD), a federation of Italian digestive disease associations, conducted a survey on CRC screening activities in Italy
Biomarkers and OLGIM Stage for Prospective Preneoplastic Risk Stratification
Full text linkserum pepsinogen (PG) tests correlate with the occurrence of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. However, because of its low sensitivity, Huang et al report that in North America, where Helicobacter pylori prevalence is low (8%) and the use of proton pump inhibitors is frequent, the discrimination value for gastric preneoplastic lesions, atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia of gastropanel biomarkers is too low to obtain good results
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Cholangiocarcinoma: A position paper by the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE), the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterology (AIGO), the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM) and the Italian Association of Oncological Radiotherapy (AIRO)
No full textThe incidence of Cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA) is increasing, due to a sharp increase of the intrahepatic form. Evidence-ascertained risk factors for CCA are primary sclerosing cholangitis, Opistorchis viverrini infection, Caroli disease, congenital choledocal cist, Vater ampulla adenoma, bile duct adenoma and intra-hepatic lithiasis. Obesity, diabetes, smoking, abnormal biliary-pancreatic junction, bilio-enteric surgery, and viral cirrhosis are emerging risk factors, but their role still needs to be validated. Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis should undergo surveillance, even though a survival benefit has not been clearly demonstrated.
CCA is most often diagnosed in an advanced stage, when therapeutic options are limited to palliation. Diagnosis of the tumor is often difficult and multiple imaging techniques should be used, particularly for staging.
Surgery is the standard of care for resectable CCA, whilst liver transplantation should be considered only in experimental settings. Metal stenting is the standard of care in inoperable patients with an expected survival >4 months. Gemcitabine or platinum analogues are recommended in advanced CCA whilst there are no validated neo-adjuvant treatments or second-line chemotherapies. Even though promising results have been obtained in CCA with radiotherapy, further randomized controlled trials are needed. (C) 2010 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Proteomic Analyses Lead to a Better Understanding of Celiac Disease: Focus on Epitope Recognition and Autoantibodies
No full textProteomic technologies are being used with increasing frequency in the scientific community. In this review, we have highlighted their use in celiac disease (CD). The available techniques, which include two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and antibody and tissue arrays, have been used to identify proteins or changes in protein expression specific to gut tissue from patients with CD. A number of studies have employed proteomic methodologies to determine the diagnostic biomarkers in body fluids or to examine changes in protein expression and posttranslational modifications during signaling. A fast technological development of these methods, along with the combination of classic techniques with proteomics, will lead to new discoveries, which will consent a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CD
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