1,721,017 research outputs found
What is wrong with legal realism?
No full textThe paper criticizes Shapiro's picture of legal realism, which takes realism to be a conceptual account of law. The paper claims that American legal realism was mainly an account of legal knowledge.
Il lavoro fa parte di un volume di contributi sulla teoria del diritto di S. Shapiro, la quale è al centro del dibattito contemporaneo in sede internazionale
The effect of manufacturing defects on the high-cycle fatigue of electron-beam-welded Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy: experimental and numerical analysis
No full textPurpose
Electron-beam welding has been widely used in industry to join different titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) components. During welding production defects, such as porosity, lack of penetration or thinning are often observed. High-cycle fatigue (HCF) tests have been performed on welded specimens to understand the effect of weld defects on fatigue capabilities. The fatigue life of different types of “defective” welds has been compared against a non-welded reference specimen.
Design/methodology/approach
The results of the experimental campaign have been correlated with finite elements models.
Findings
It is concluded the geometry produced by the weld process, e.g. toe radius and under-bead shape, and the related stress raisers play a relevant role on fatigue capabilities of welds. This conclusion is valid only for a Ti-6Al-4V T-joint weld and only for flaw initiation. Knock down in materials properties has not been considered.
Originality/value
There is a lack of HCF fatigue data for welds of this geometry and material in the open literature. The paper is of relevance for industrial application and practical interest, although a lot more validation tests are required to draw a final conclusion
Judicial scorekeeping
No full textWe sketch in this paper two interpretive accounts of what the legal expression "petty motives" means, the first according to the standard semantic explanation of content, the second according to an inferential explanation of content. Such an inferential explanation is based on a pragmatic account of semantics and a deontic scorekeeping model of adjudication inspired by the philosophical work of Robert Brandom. The resulting model of how a given legal provision is applied to a particular set of facts is what we call “Judicial Scorekeeping”
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Oxidation Driven Damage on SiC/BN/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite Aero-Engine Structures: An Iterative Computational Framework
No full textCeramic matrix composites (CMCs) could be a game changer in the aero-engine industry. Their density is circa one-third of their metallic counterpart. CMCs, furthermore, offer increased strength and greater capability at very high temperatures. This would allow for a reduction in cooling and an increased engine performance. Some challenges, besides the complexity of the manufacturing process, however, remain for the structural integrity of this technology. CMCs are inherently brittle; furthermore, they tend to oxidise when attacked by water or oxygen, and their constituents become brittle and more prone to failure. There are two main points of novelty proposed by this work. The first one is to model and reproduce recent oxidation experimental data with a simple Fick’s law implemented in Abaqus. The parameters of this modelling are a powerful tool for the design of such material systems. The second aspect consists in the development of a new computational framework for iteratively calculating oxygen diffusion and stiffness degradation of the material. Oxidation and stiffness degradation are in fact coupled phenomena. The crack (or microcracking) opening, the function of applied stress, accelerates oxygen diffusion whilst the oxidation diffusion itself contributes to embrittlement and then damage introduction in the material system
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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