1,721,223 research outputs found
Analysis of gender vulnerability to climate‐related hazards in a rural area of Ethiopia
No full textIdentifying areas of the world, communities, and women and men that could be
damaged by meteorological events (like droughts and floods) has been crucial for
vulnerability studies in the last decade. Climate change may differently affect
female‐ and male‐headed households, especially in rural areas of sub‐Saharan
Africa, where they react in a different way to the effects of adverse weather
events. The aim of this work was to analyse a population's vulnerability and resilience
to climate‐related hazards, applying a sex‐disaggregated, quantitative methodology
at household level. This study was realised in three Woredas (Siraro,
Shalla, and Shashemene) of the Oromia Region in Ethiopia. The information used
for the evaluation included climatic conditions, socio‐economic variables and natural
resource availability. All data collected were analysed after disaggregation by
sex. Evaluation of the indices shows that the vulnerability of the households is
particularly related to the presence of governmental infrastructure, availability of
water sources, and external aid. The study reveals that the Woreda of Siraro is the
most vulnerable. A better situation appears in the Woredas of Shalla and Shashemene,
where women and men have more skills to face vulnerability, as highlighted
by the “recovery potential” index. On the other hand, the study points out
some differences between women and men. While male-headed households
mainly have low vulnerability and high resilience, female‐headed households are
divided into two main classes: low vulnerability associated with low resilience,
and low vulnerability associated with high resilience. When the vulnerability is
higher, both women and men show higher resilience
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Vibration and noise transmitted by agricultural backpack powered machines critically examined using the current standards
Get PDFEuropean Directives 2002/44/EC and 2003/10/EC establish the exposure limit values for preventing operators’ risks to vibration and noise transmitted by machines. Few studies studied noise and vibration of agricultural backpack powered machines (as mist blowers and blowers), but nobody critically studied them. This work analyzed the field back vibration, hand-arm vibration (HAV), and noise transmitted to ten operators by eight blowers and mist blowers. Unweighted and weighted vibration were analyzed, using the standards ISO 2631-1 (back), and ISO 5349-1 and ISO/TR 18570 (hand-arm system). The noise was evaluated by recording the acoustic pressure level at the operators’ ears using the ISO 9612. With the ISO 2631-1, the vibration to the operators’ back was low (0.38 ms−2), but the unweighted vibration measured along y and z-axes (not used by the ISO 2631-1) were high (>11 ms−2). HAV were also low when using the ISO 5349-1 (the highest value was 2.51 ms−2 in mist blowers), but high with the ISO/TR 18570 for the onset of vibration white finger (1446 ms−1.5 in blowers). Noise levels were always high: more than 100 dB(A), excluding the blower with the exhaust inside the blower hose. This last machine had noise levels lower than 86 dB(A), but its specific feature could increase environmental pollution
Vineyard diseases detection: a case study on the influence of weather instruments' calibration and positioning
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