14 research outputs found
Animation as a source of competitive advantage in the Outdoor Hospitality Industry
No full textThis study aims to indicate how animation services in the outdoor hospitality industry (OHI) can deliver a competitive advantage. To explore this, the variables that affect the multidimensional construct of animation in the OHI have been identified and measured according to the resource-based view model. Data collection was conducted through expert interviews with professionals working in the sector. The study identifies 25 animation-related variables and examines how they contribute to competitiveness using the Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Non-substitutable (VRIN) framework. The results show that animation goes beyond entertainment, serving as a tool for guest satisfaction and retention. The contribution of this research is twofold: first, from a theoretical point of view, it positions animation as a resource capable of generating sustainable competitive advantage. It also complements the VRIN framework with insights from Service-Dominant Logic, emphasising the importance of emotional engagement and value co-creation. Second, from a practical point of view, the findings offer campsite managers a framework to evaluate animation services and integrate them more strategically into their operations. This study calls to revalue animation as a core component of campsite identity and guest experience, rather than a secondary service. It contributes to the broader discussion on competitiveness in tourism while highlighting the often-underestimated role of animation in the OHI
Divergent responses to drought conditions : rice-growing in three Jola communities of Casamance, Senegal
No full textTo understand the impact of drought upon an agricultural system it is essential to have detailed, base-line data on local community land-use and labor practices before drastic ecological changes set in. Empirical research of this kind is rare, but it exists for a Jola village in Casamance, Sénégal. In 1964, the author mapped the total rice-fields owned and worked by the inhabitants of a Jola village called Jipalom. The map covered 29 ha of nursery and rainfed rice fields (the yentamsg/ seentampl.) and 3,81 ha of tidal, brackish-water fields (the weng). It included more than 3 000 separate parcels belonging to 20 male household heads and worked by their 28 "active" wives, plus 3 "retired" old ladies, all using additional group- labor. The map then served as a basis for collecting information on local field categories, land- tenure principles, labor investments, rice varieties, cultivation techniques and harvesting procedures throughout the entire agricultural season of 1965. Subsequently, the map data was monitored in the field for land use changes during the 1970's-1990's. Using a computer project designed by P. Garnier, the map and its associated information has provided a base- line against which to measure and interpret land-use changes throughout the years of drought. In this talk, Linares and Garnier illustrate a computer-based methodological approach that combines graphic data on cultivated surfaces with a rich corpus of quantitative information
Toward a Holistic, Intercultural, and Polyphonic Perspective on Health Care: A Brief Prologue to the Paper Titled “Understanding the Personalistic Aspects of Jola Ethnomedicine.”
No full textAs a prologue to the paper titled “Understanding the Personalistic Aspects of Jola Ethnomedicine,” the present essay provides a brief anthropologico-philosophical reflection, starting with classic Roman philosopher Seneca and his dictum that “each passing day we die,” and continuing on to the profound existential questions pondered by more contemporary thinkers, including Heidegger and Levinas, about life, death, being, time, totality, and infinity. These agonically deep questions are intimately related to the universal human angst about health, illness, and death and the seeking of a restoration to a functional corporal and mental harmony and well-being through various means and methods, whether based on traditional religious or mythical beliefs and practices or on more modern medical practices. This essay also provides a diachronic philological analysis of the evolution of the word “health” in various languages and its age- old semantic connections to the idea of the “holly” and the “sacred.” These semantic roots lead the author to define health as a “holistic, cosmic, integral, and sacred state of dynamic harmony.
Du côté de la Casamance : pouvoirs, espaces et religions.
No full textY. Marzouk — Toward Casamance. Power, Space and Religion.
Casamance, a region in southern Senegal, is a zone of contact between two for-merly differentiated peoples about whom many studies were made in the 1970s and published recently. Among these, Olga Linares' book analyzes local power in three villages that represent Jola social heterogeneity. These monographs draw a parallel between processes of agricultural production (rice-farming in flooded pad-dies and rainy season crops) and ideological phenomena : the local religion, Islam and Manding acculturation. The author's original contribution is to show that these variations relate to a single principle of "political economies" : the working out of a village-level consensus so as to better manage labor and land. Given cur-rent research however, doubt can be voiced about the preeminence assigned by this author to Manding culture.Marzouk. Du côté de la Casamance : pouvoirs, espaces et religions.. In: Cahiers d'études africaines, vol. 33, n°131, 1993. pp. 483-491
Dialogism and comparative literature
No full textThe article concerns the current situation of the discipline of comparative literature, particularly the question of dialogue/dialogism and comparative literary studies. A general discussion on dialogue and dialogism (with special reference to Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory discussed by Julia Kristeva and also by others such as Paul de Man, Jola Škulj, Michael Holquist) leads to the conclusion that these concepts are crucial to the comparative literature at the time of the “cultural turn”. Finally, the author distinguishes two types of comparative studies: “traditional” comparative literature and “new” comparative literature (cultural comparatism). In the field of “traditional” comparative literature the dialogism is considered as a problem of intertextuality in its most literal sense, whereas in the field of cultural comparatism it is understood as a pragmatically oriented theory of knowledge
Dialogowość i komparatystyka
No full textDIALOGISM AND COMPARATIVE LITERATUREThe article concerns the current situation of the discipline of comparative literature, particularly the question of dialogue/dialogism and comparative literary studies. A general discussion on dialogue and dialogism (with special reference to Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory discussed by Julia Kristeva and also by others such as Paul de Man, Jola Škulj, Michael Holquist) leads to the conclusion that these concepts are crucial to the comparative literature at the time of the “cultural turn”. Finally, the author distinguishes two types of comparative studies: “traditional” comparative literature and “new” comparative literature (cultural comparatism). In the field of “traditional” comparative literature the dialogism is considered as a problem of intertextuality in its most literal sense, whereas in the field of cultural comparatism it is understood as a pragmatically oriented theory of knowledge
Medications, migration and the cultural texturing of familial healthcare
No full textMedications are a central part of health care systems, and are used to cure, halt or prevent diseases, and to easy symptoms. How medications are understood and used by people, including migrants in everyday life remains unclear. With globalisation on the increase, many people are no longer constrained to a single country. People often relocate to other countries where they may continue to maintain their cultural traditions and practices. Among the cultural traditions and practices maintained by migrants are their medication practices, customs and understandings. This thesis explores understandings, uses and social practices associated with medications in the everyday lives of three migrant groups. These groups are represented by three Zimbabwean, three Tongan and three Chinese households who have relocated to New Zealand. Householder experiences, medication practices and associated understandings were collated using a variety of methods. These included individual interviews with the households, household discussions, photographs, diaries, material objects, and media content to capture the complex and fluid nature of popular understandings and use of medications. This thesis provides insight into the cultural values and practices of these nine migrant households pertaining to how they acquire, use, share, and store their indigenous and biomedical medications. My focus on medications and the sourcing of these medicinal objects within New Zealand and from migrants’ countries of origin sheds new light on hybrid healthcare practices in the present epoch of global relocation. The study takes into account different forms of medications. These include biomedical drugs, alternative medicines, traditional medicines and dietary supplements
Lektury w czasie
No full textThe author of the book is interested in the ways and crossroads of con-temporary poetry, the place where writers meet, and so do critics who read poems and prose committed to paper by others with greater or lesser satis-faction, with revelation or jealousy of their imagination. When new books – testimonies of the author’s readiness to present, to meet the “other,” to be present – are published, it is the literary critics who play their part, who fulfil their mission consistently and systematically or who reach for another book without any sense of mission or obligation, “extemporaneously.” A large part of Readings in Time concerns texts devoted to critical works and – following various methodological approaches today – to historical and literary ones.
The texts selected for publication were published between 1993 and 2017, immediately after the publication of the books. It was important to approach them from the required reading perspective, as the material for later sys-tematization. Reviews and critical commentaries were published in “Nowe Książki,” “Śląsk,” “FA-art,” “Twórczość,” “Kwartalnik Artystyczny,” “Opcja,” “Autograf,” “Akant,” and “Kursywa.” The author writes with conviction: here are the “writers” and “me” at the time, here am “I” and the “writers” right now.
The section devoted to poetry opens with a commentary on an anthology juxtaposing poems by Young Poland’s poetesses, while the section devoted to criticism – with a text on cultural (im)maturity, which discusses a book by Ewa Paczoska, a researcher reviving positivist dilemmas, “images of the past,” most broadly speaking – the epoch-making testimonies of identity. The first part of the book closes with a review of a volume by Primož Čučnik, a poet, an observer of the constant “becoming of things,” and the second part with a review of a thematic (the issue of time) monograph by Aleksandra Zasępa on poems by Krystyna Miłobędzka, whose poetry is “here and now,” in which “the presentation of the present time, focused on active living in the present moment” prevails.
The afore-indicated textual frames comprise reviews of books by reflexive poets, existentialists, “metapoetic” authors, passive and active participants of our everyday life. The poetic part features commentaries on the anthology of Coś własnego (Something Owned) and a volume related to Orientacja Poetycka Hybrydy (a group of poets calling themselves “Hybrids”) by Andrzej K. Waśkiewicz (the author composed a lyrical treatise on the presence within the space of the Paradox of Great History, he ran the “calculus of loneli-ness”). The poets of “Hybrids” asked about the status of our presence, about the durability and appearances of certainty; they continued to count on the effectiveness of “cognitive verification.” Among those presented in the book, one can find: Krzysztof Karasek, Janusz Szuber, Kazimierz Hoffman, Piotr Matywiecki, Piotr Sommer, Aleksandra Olędzka-Frybesowa, Anna Frajlich, Małgorzata Baranowska. The sets of commentaries contain “subchapters” titled Siedem lektur (Seven Readings) and Wiersze ze Śląska (Poems from Silesia). The first one contains, inter alia, reviews of volumes by Krzysztof Lisowski, Józef Fert and Piotr Cielesz, in which we can hear eschatological tones and discern lyrical revisions to the theme of memory. The second set of commentaries opens with a geographical key: in the “Silesian” fragment of the book – with a view to the most ordinary and seemingly “festive” events, intensified emotions, limits of certainty and doubt – poems by Jola Trela, Ryszard Chłopek, Robert Rybicki, Adam Pluszka, Marian Kisiel, Barbara Gruszka-Zych, and Andrzej Szuba are discussed.
The author of the book writes about time, memory, contemplation, im-pressions, and intellectual settlements. The critics and researchers of litera-ture, who are introduced in the second part of Readings in Time through records from the interwar and post-war periods, made their way through the difficult moments of history (here, inter alia, one can find sketches about the publications concerning Zofia Nałkowska, the Paris of experimental poets called Skamandrites, Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska, Aleksander Wat, the avant-garde, Stanisław Lem, Zbigniew Herbert, Janusz Szuber, about edi-tions of Władysław Broniewski’s Pamiętnik (Diary) and Publicystyka (Jour-nalistic Pieces) divulging the “private” and “official” faces of their author). here are also notes on literary criticism books by Jan Tomkowski, Marian Kisiel, Karol Maliszewski, and Dariusz Nowacki.
Readings in Time does not establish a canon – either private or, even more so, “universal,” with the conviction that a record of norms and standards is necessary, although the value and durability of opinions is also at stake here. These are simply testimonies of reading, reports, evidence of scrutinizing texts. In the scientific works and popular science source base, the author ap-preciates searching for (discovering) contexts, preparing subsequent literary panoramas of the modern day
Elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity in congenital hemolytic anemias: Prevalence and laboratory correlates
No full textElevated tricuspid valve regurgitation jet velocity (TRV ≥ 2.5 m/s) is associated with mortality among adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), but correlative biomarkers are not studied according to treatment exposure or genotypes. To investigate the associations between biomarkers and TRV elevation, we examined the relationship between TRV and hemolytic, inflammatory, and cardiac biomarkers, stratified by disease-modifying treatments and SCD genotype. In total, 294 participants with SCD (mean age, 11.0 ± 3.7 years) and 49 hereditary spherocytosis (HS; mean age, 22.9 ± 19.75 years) were included for comparison and enrolled. TRV was elevated in 30.7% of children with SCD overall: 18.8% in HbSC/HbSβ+-thalassemia, 28.9% in untreated HbSS/HbSβ0-thalassemia, 34.2% in HbSS/HbSβ0-thalassemia hydroxyurea-treated, and 57% in HbSS/HbSβ0-thalassemia chronic transfusion treated. TRV was elevated in 10.7% and 27.8% in HS children and adults, respectively. In children with SCD, elevated TRV was correlated with hemoglobin (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, P = 0.004), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; OR = 2.52, P = 0.005), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP; OR = 1.003, P = 0.004). In multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for genotype, sex, hemolytic index, and treatment, hemoglobin concentration remained the only significant variable associated with elevated TRV in untreated HbSS/HbSβ0-thalassemia participants. TRV was not associated with inflammatory markers, other markers of hemolysis, or NT-pro BNP in untreated HbSS/HbSβ0-thalassemia. Neither hemoglobin nor LDH was associated with TRV in HbSC/HbSβ+-thalassemia. These results suggest that elevated TRV is influenced by the degree of anemia, possibly reflecting sickling as part of the disease pathophysiology. Prospective studies should monitor hemoglobin concentration as children with SCD age into adulthood, prompting initiation of TRV screening and monitoring
Znanstvene izdaje in elektronski medij. Razprave
No full textThe following summary integrates the main points from the editor’s Introduction with the synopses of the authors’ contributions, thus seeking to provide a comprehensive survey of the issues addressed in the publication.
The present volume of proceedings represents the first Slovenian book uniting well-nigh all the humanistic disciplines in a common task: to reflect on the role of scholarly editions in their own field. Moreover, it is the first to reflect systematically on the methodological and ecdotic issues of scholarly editions in the light of the possibilities opening with the electronic presentation of texts. While some humanistic disciplines in Slovenia boast a long tradition of scholarly editions, reaching back to the first half of the 19th century, others have begun to consolidate their editorial standards fairly recently.
The TEI Consortium’s Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange reconsider the linguistic and text-critical tradition of the European humanities, modifying and updating it in the context of the digital medium. This makes the use of the TEI Guidelines no mere external technical procedure, but a stimulus to an active and reflective participation in the continuation of the great written humanistic tradition. At the same time, such use forms an entrance to the global processes labelled as the digital humanities. And since “no man is an island", the humanities in Slovenia have been no exception in attempting to fall in step with those processes.1 The question to be explored is: how?
Without jumping to conclusions, we may draw on the decades of publishing scholarly editions at the Institute of Slovenian Literature and Literary Science, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU), and at least outline some ecdotic rules which have proved effective.
1. The first rule applies to all text criticism: what is needed is a detailed survey of the original material. Depending on the subject and period, this material may be an autograph or some other manuscript, handwritten copies (if any), the first printed edition, later reprints, etc., as well as possible citations or summaries of the text in other sources.
2. Another rule which has proved meaningful and represents a step forward in the Slovenian editorial technique is the following: At least the editions of older Slovenian texts, including those dating from the first half of the 19th century (and the more recent ones as well), should be prepared so as to lend themselves to the research of various − in theory all − humanistic disciplines. In practice, this means that the edition should preserve all the historical layers of the text which tend to get lost in the so-called standard edition. It should thus distinguish, in principle at least, between the facsimile of the original, the diplomatic transcription, and the critical transcription. This distinction is important not only because all these forms or appearances of the text provide an opportunity for multidisciplinary researches, but also because they enable new approaches within their own discipline.
3. Although European diplomatics subsumes various traditions, characterised by slightly different notions of the diplomatic transcription, there are several arguments in favour of the strict diplomatic transcription. In terms of the somewhat too-pragmatic distinction made by W. W. Gregg between the so-called “substantives" and “accidentals" of a manuscript, the strict diplomatic transcription includes all the “accidental" elements, especially the original punctuation, capitalisation, and division of words; reproduces bohoričica and other historical Slovenian alphabets; does not interfere with abbreviations, etc.
4. The diplomatic transcription should be accompanied by a critical one, modifying the text according to clearly defined, explicit principles and making it more accessible to the reader at certain levels. The critical transcription is also described as “normalised transcription" in some traditions, since it adapts the text according to certain norms and brings it closer to contemporary understanding. Such principles include e.g. the transliteration from historical alphabets to gajica, the resolution of abbreviations and acronyms, possible emendation of damaged parts (duly annotated in the apparatus), updated punctuation, capitalisation, and word division − and, finally, a block of principles guiding linguistic intervention, suited to the nature of the text and the purpose of the edition.
5. Understandably, the edition should be furnished with the appropriate elements of the critical apparatus, such as factual and text-critical notes, a suitable commentary including an explanation of the editorial concept, the necessary indexes, bibliography, etc.
In addition to these, still other elements may be envisaged (especially in electronic form), linking the material to the sources of information or additional explanation. Each scholarly edition is unique, as is the material which it brings to light, and it is precisely the specific features of the material that dictate the editorial concept. “Each ‘author’s philology’ should be modelled on the physiognomy of the author." (Cristofolini) The specific rules arising from the “physiognomy" of the material itself only begin to take shape when it is scrutinised. The rules outlined above, by contrast, are more general, stemming from editorial experience with a great diversity of materials, as well as from the research needs of the Slovenian humanities. What these require of scholarly editions is new or little known material, invariably elucidated from all possible perspectives.
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Addressing the problems of scholarly editions in the humanities, the present volume of proceedings focuses on the features unique to the Slovenian literary and documentary materials. The first part, dealing with the issues of electronic scholarly editions and sources, is generally informed by practical experience, both technical and philological.
LOU BURNARD’S essay, “Encoding Standards for the Electronic Edition", addresses some fundamental notions underlying the TEI Guidelines, in particular their approach to text-critical issues. The author discusses the potential benefits of digital text encoding, notably in such fields as corpus linguistics and traditional philology, and describes the increasingly important role played by digital resources and tools in these fields. Finally, he argues that text encoding and digitisation have wider methodological implications and raise issues which are central to humanistic endeavours and concerns.
According to Peter Scherber, who gives a brief survey of computer-based processing of philological texts in the last three decades, one of the most important demands in the field is to ensure that electronic texts will remain machine-readable and interchangeable in the long term − a problem where proper text encoding is of crucial importance (“Von der Computerkonkordanz zur Sprach- und Texttechnologie. Neue Entwicklungen bei der Verarbeitung und Langzeitspeicherung von wissenschaftlich aufbereiteten Texten").
Some solutions to this problem are offered in the essay “Scholarly Digital Editions of Slovenian Literature: Standards and Challenges" by Tomaž Erjavec, their efficiency proved in the Slovenian pilot research project entitled Scholarly Digital Editions of Slovenian Literature (http://nl.ijs.si/e-zrc/index-en.html). Technically, the project is based on the use of open standards for digital text encoding, which should make the project results interchangeable among computer platforms and applications, ensure their clarity, and make them proof against technological change. Introducing the main standards used in the project, namely XML and TEI, the paper describes the methodology of up-translating the materials from their digital source to the canonical standardised format and their down-translation into a format suitable for reading. The author also considers the challenges still ahead, in particular the introduction of language technologies into the compilation and presentation of the project’s digital text-critical editions.
A block of contributions based on the recent researches of Slovenian literary scholars into electronic critical editions opens with Matija Ogrin’s essay “E-Slomšek: The Electronic Edition of Three Sermons on Language by A. M. Slomšek. Text-Critical Issues". Addressing the results of the same project as Erjavec, Ogrin elucidates the text-critical principles underpinning the critical e-edition of three sermons by A. M. Slomšek (1800−1862). His paper focuses on the manner and means by which the manifold properties of the texts, including the historical linguistic features and genre traits, have been rendered accessible to a variety of research approaches.
While Ogrin deals with the rich tradition of ecclesiastical oratory, Luka Vidmar’s paper on “The Electronic Edition of the Correspondence of Žiga Zois" tackles the very different problems involved in editing non-literary texts, written about 200 years ago by cosmopolitan intellectuals of wide erudition. He describes the provenance of the (now electronically published) letters written by Zois, one of the most distinguished figures of the Slovenian Enlightenment, and surveys the history of their editing. Vidmar also provides general information about the letters, their contents, and Zois’s correspondents. After explaining the editorial guidelines applied, the paper presents the advantages of this recent e-edition.
The following two papers focus on the electronic critical editing of belletristic literature proper, both classical and avant-garde. In “The Migration of Alojz Gradnik’s Poetry from Paper to Monitor", Miran Hladnik, one of the editors of the collected works of the classic Slovenian poet Alojz Gradnik (1882−1967), reveals the reasons for preparing an electronic edition of Gradnik’s Pesmi o Maji (Poems about Maja), which has entailed the collation and analysis of a dozen variant copy-texts. MARIJAN DOVIĆ’S paper, “The Preparation of the Electronic Critical Edition of Anton Podbevšek’s Poetry", deals, from an editor’s point of view, with the specific problems posed by the literary estate of the Slovenian avant-garde poet Anton Podbevšek (1898−1981). A general overview of this estate and its idiosyncrasies is followed by an assessment of the editorial priorities, considering the specific possibilities of the e-edition: facsimiles of the author’s manuscripts aligned with the transcription; the transcription of the poet’s own autograph corrections and additions as written in his personal copy of his 1925 poetry edition, etc.
The structural encoding and subsequent use of electronically encoded Slovenian texts, corpora, and dictionaries in linguistics are discussed in two papers concluding the first part of the volume. Han Steenwijk (“The Resianica Dictionary: The First Three Years") presents the Resianica, a dictionary of the local Slovenian dialects of San Giorgio/Bila, Gniva/Njiva, Oseacco/Osojane and Stolvizza/Solbica. They are spoken in the municipality of Resia/Rezija, in the Friuli−Venezia Giulia region of Italy. The data are encoded in an XML document which follows the TEI DTD with the inclusion of the TEI dictionaries module. On the basis of this document, SQL scripts are generated for inserting the data into a relational database that can be queried from the web interface at http://purl.org/resianica/dictionary.
Primož Jakopin and Birte Lönneker-Rodman describe, in their paper “Conversion of the Slovenian Text Corpus Nova beseda into XML", the conversion of 100 million words from the Nova beseda text corpus into XML format, accomplished from January to March 2004. Nova beseda is the largest collection of Slovenian electronic texts searchable over the Internet, including mainly journalistic texts, the formal register, and fiction. The corpus has a concordancer for word and multiword queries, as well as a search engine for word forms, that shows lists furnished with frequencies. The XML format was selected for its good exchange properties and long-lasting text readability, as well as to enable a wider use of the corpus. The paper focuses on the inner structure of the texts and the conversion problems. Although the original (EVA) format of the texts was largely compatible with the recommendations of the TEI standard, it nevertheless followed more closely the format of the printed book sources. This fact required a sizeable amount of work to make the tag beginnings and endings conformant to the XML requirements. The conversion of the character set into Unicode, on the other hand, proved less problematic.
The second part of the volume includes papers discussing, mainly from the viewpoint of modern literary scholarship, the possibilities of electronic media, especially as applied to critical editions.
Since the emphasis on texts shared by the so-called textual disciplines results in a common range of interests, Darko Dolinar’s paper “Critical Editions and Literary Science" sets out to describe the role of critical editions in literary science. In addition to the individual features of each text as handed down, these editions are determined by “internal" aspects − i.e. the theory and methodology, especially the basic views of the nature of literature and literary works of art − as well as by “external" ones, which are related to the functioning of the literary system. These general remarks are followed by a survey of the editorial practice pursued in Slovenian literary scholarship, with an outline of its development from the beginning to the present day and a description of its characteristics, as well as of the most common types of editions in the second half of the 20th century.
Using examples from recent editorial practice, Jože Faganel (“Text-Critical Issues and Electronic Editions") outlines the development of text-critical and editorial rules in Slovenian literary scholarship. They were standardised with the critical edition of the Freising Manuscripts in 1992, thus coming to represent a possible text-critical standard for electronic editions as well. The complex structure built by the facsimile and multiple transcriptions of these medieval documents, including a phonetic transcription, apparatus, and annotations, could be ideally represented in a future e-edition.
According to Marko Juvan’s essay, “Postmodernism and Critical Editions of Literary Texts: Towards a Virtually Present Past", critical editions in a digitised hypertext archive enable literary history to study texts according to the premises of postmodern historicism and its scrutiny of the socio-cultural context. The non-hierarchical structure of electronic text-presentation reveals the role played by the difference between the writing and publishing processes. In cyberspace, literary history does perceive the materiality of the text media, but only in their virtual presence, which facilitates a better analysis of the semiotics of the bibliographical codes. The attention of literary history is thus directed to the cultural objects and practices framing the literary work of art − aspects that have often been neglected.
The promising alternative of using e-archives in literary studies is also discussed by Jola Škulj, who examines the issues of cyberspace textology (“E-texts: Spaces of Inconclusiveness and Spatiality"). The structure of cybertexts and the prospects of information technology (IT) with its hypertextual links generate “new frontiers" of cybertext criticism, leading the humanistic computing activities to reassess the concept and functions of information repositories. The territories of e-textuality facilitate literary research with useful and elegant tools, designed to provide historical insights into literature and cultural memory in an open process. Hypertext environment promises a tool for displaying an authentic text in conjunction with the numerous variants emerging in its making, for critical annotation, or the representation of its intertextuality. Such records of literary facts actually represent the fulfilment of the eternal philological dream: to make textual data available through network access. Moreover, they enable the crossing of the traditional boundaries between disciplines, as well as stimulate the methodology of transdisciplinary research.
The third part comprises papers tackling scholarly editions and source criticism in various humanistic disciplines.
Matej Hriberšek (“Critical Editions of Texts in Classical Philology") maintains that the discipline of classical philology boasts some pioneer work in electronic publishing: e-editions of corpora comprising classical and medieval texts written in Latin and Greek have proved a worldwide success. In Slovenia, however, there has been no project leading to a comparable achievement, despite a rich cultural legacy and the many opportunities it offers to modern scholarship.
Darja Mihelič deals with “Editions of Historical Sources and the Electronic Media". She sets out the major rules for the editorial preparation of historical documents and argues that computer programs allow the typesetting, processing and graphic design of historical sources for print, ensure the consistency and uniformity of standardised records, and facilitate the composition of accompanying registers. The computer also offers the information required for preparing document- and databases. Moreover, digitised collections of original text photographs are replacing microfilms, classic photographs and scanned copies, offering new research possibilities. However, the traditional printed format still has the advantage of longevity, to which, in her opinion, the fast development of computer technology is not yet adjusted.
Marjetka Golež Kaučič attempts to elucidate, in her paper “Slovenian Folk Songs − A Modern Scholarly Corpus", the various methods adopted in editing the corpus of Slovenske ljudske pesmi or SLP (Slovenian Folk Songs); the first four volumes published by Slovenska matica between 1970 and 1998), the most important scholarly collection of folk poetry in Slovenia. The author outlines the reasons for its compilation, its content structure, and the systemisation of its editorial principles. The final issue to be addressed are the advantages and disadvantages of its digitisation, with regard to the complex problems of integrating textual data, musical notation and audio recordings.
Ana Lavrič’s paper, “Critical Editing of Texts and Written and Visual Sources Pertaining to Art History", is conceived as a complex presentation. Outlining the texts and sources interesting for publication from the perspective of art history, it explains the established ecdotic principles in the light of the specific needs and views of the field. Moreover, it offers several concrete suggestions for the conversion of documentary and visual materials into electronic format − especially those needed for the topography of Slovenian art history monuments.
The subject of music is taken up again in the treatise “On the Critical Editing of Musical Manuscripts: The Copies of the Music by Janez Krstnik Dolar" by Tomaž Faganel. The author introduces the theoretical and editorial problems of musical notation in Baroque and earlier musical manuscripts. While nowadays the electronic publication of a musical composition mainly raises issues of copyright protection, original musical notation from the beginnings of mensural music almost till the late 18th century lacks uniformity. The approach depends on the developing relationship between the original, the transcription, and, last but not least, the decisions of the performing musician. The copies of the music composed by Father Dolar (1621−1673) still suggest a strong adherence to the principles of musical time ordering called tempus cum prolatio. In approaching contemporary metrical solutions, on the other hand, they show a continuing link between the original metrical ordering and the works of the recent past.
Fanika Krajnc−Vrečko discusses “The Peculiarities of Transcription and the Share of Biblical Texts in Trubar’s Catechisms". The text processing involved in preparing the collected works of Primož Trubar, the author of the first printed book in the Slovenian language, allows simultaneous content processing in order to determine the percentage of Biblical quotations in his catechisms. The paper outlines the features peculiar to the transcription of mid-16th-century texts, and concludes by indicating Trubar’s theological orientation as suggested by the frequency statistics of his use of Biblical texts.
In the last paper of this collection, “Two Tales from the History of the Collected Works of Slovenian Poets and Prose Writers Series", MARJAN DOLGAN analyses two events which reflect the specific character of the most important text-critical Slovenian collection of the 20th century. The first one reveals how the lagging publication of Srečko Kosovel’s manuscript corpus in this series (paradoxically) led to an enthusiastic response to the poet and to his canonisation. The other case illustrates, by the example of France Koblar’s monograph on Simon Gregorčič, the subordination of the series to the ideology of the totalitarian Communist regime.
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Regardless of the differences between the materials of scholarly editions in various humanistic disciplines, or their preferences and editorial concepts, this much is clear: The older Slovenian heritage of books and manuscripts, bibliographies and archives differs greatly from that of western European nations. While western European languages boast hundreds of manuscript codices preserved from the Middle Ages, there is not a single codex written in medieval S
