1,720,990 research outputs found
Evidenze microbiologiche in un singolo centro urologico
No full textScopo dello studio
Descrivere numero, origine ed etiologia delle infezioni manifestatesi in pazienti
sottoposti a chirurgia urologica nella nostra unità operativa, analizzando
i dati degli esami colturali di differenti fluidi biologici ottenuti dal gennaio
2007 all’aprile 2010.
Materiali e metodi
Nel periodo di riferimento sono stati sottoposti ad esame colturale tutti i
pazienti che avessero presentato, durante la degenza, un qualsiasi sintomo
riconducibile allo sviluppo di una infezione. In tutti i casi di sospetta infezione
è stata eseguita un’urinocoltura; in presenza di temperatura superiore ai
38,5° è stata eseguita una emocoltura su tre campioni; tamponi della ferita
chirurgica sono stati inviati in tutti i casi di deiscenza o secrezione dalla ferita
chirurgica. In presenza di catetere venoso centrale, si è provveduto infine
all’invio per esame colturale della punta all’atto della rimozione.
Risultati
In 321 pazienti sottoposti ad accertamenti, sono risultati positivi 589 isolamenti:
63% nelle urine, 6% nel sangue, 6% nella ferita chirurgica, 7% nel
catetere venoso centrale e 18% in altri siti (estremità di cateteri vescicali e di
stent ureterali). Nel 70% degli isolamenti da catetere venoso centrale era presente
lo Stafilococco epidermidis, cosa che ha suggerito un’alta incidenza di
contaminazione durante le manovre di rimozione. Nell’insieme, l’agente patogeno
più comunemente isolato è stato Escherichia coli (22,5%). Nell’urina,
le specie più frequentemente isolate sono state Escherichia coli (27,8%), Enterococcus
faecalis (12,5%), Stafilococcus epidermidis (8%), Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (5,6%), Streptococcus agalactiae B (5%), Proteus mirabilis (4%),
Klebsiella pneumonie (3,7%), Stafilococcus aureus (2,9%), Acinetobacter
baumannii (2,13%); nel 9,3% dei casi sono stati isolati miceti (Candida albicans
nel 3,8%). Nel periodo in esame sono stati registrati 35 casi di sepsi,
sostenuti da Stafilococchi (51,4%), Escherichia coli (22,9%), Pseduomonas
aeruginosa (5,7%), Klebsiella pneumonie (5,7%) Enterococcus faecalis
(2,9%). In 2 casi (5,7%) è stato isolato MRSA (Stafilococco aureo meticillino
resistente), con un decesso in un paziente particolarmente defedato.
Discussione
Non è infrequente il ricorso all’antibioticoterapia d’emblée in casi con evidenza
clinica d’infezione, nell’attesa della disponibilità degli accertamenti
colturali. Risulta pertanto importante conoscere, per quel determinato ambiente,
quali siano le specie batteriche maggiormente responsabili al fine di
intraprendere un’antibioticoterapia che sia la più efficace possibile.
Conclusioni
Lo studio attuale può fornire dati utili per l’instaurazione di un’antibioticoterapia
in assenza e nell’attesa di risposta degli accertamenti colturali.
La comparsa di sepsi sostenute da MRSA rende necessario migliorare la
prevenzione in termini di sorveglianza sulle procedure e richiede una migliore
applicazione della terapia antibiotica per contenere il fenomeno dello
sviluppo di resistenze
“Z” Anatomical Needle Cut Leads Ejaculation (ZANCLE): Unilateral incision for bladder neck obstruction with ejaculation-sparing intent: A single-surgeon experience
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate functional outcomes and anterograde ejaculation rates in patients undergoing monopolar, unilateral transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) with “Z” shaped incision with ejaculatory sphincter sparing for primary bladder neck obstruction (PBNO) in a case series performed by a single surgeon. Between December 2018 and July 2023, data from patients who underwent monopolar, unilateral TUIP were prospectively collected. Patients with a prostate volume of less than 30 mL were included. Functional outcomes, including maximum flow rate (Qmax, mL/s), post-void residual volume (PVR, mL), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and IPSS Quality of Life (IPSS QoL) score, were assessed preoperatively and at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. A total of 106 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a median age of 42 years (range: 37–57) and a median prostate volume of 27 mL (range: 20–29). The median hospital stay was 1 day, and the median catheterization time was 3 days. At 1-month follow-up, the mean Qmax increased from 10.2 ± 2.5 mL/s to 22.8 ± 3.9 mL/s, while the mean IPSS score and IPSS QoL score decreased from 16 ± 2.7 to 6.9 ± 1.5 and from 4.3 ± 0.9 to 1.9 ± 1.6, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean PVR volume decreased from 125.5 ± 16.1 mL to 27.7 ± 7.3 mL (p < 0.001). Uroflowmetry results remained statistically significant at 12 months of follow-up (each p < 0.001). Anterograde ejaculation was preserved in all cases. Unilateral monopolar TUIP confirms to be a feasible and safe procedure for the treatment of BNO in young and sexually active patients
Brachytherapy in men with prostate cancer: update on indications and outcomes
No full textBrachytherapy (BT), using either a low-dose-rate (LDR) or mostly high-dose-rate (HDR) technique, is the device able to deliver the highest dose-rate in the most conformal way. It is used as monotherapy or in combination with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). LDR-BT is mostly used as monotherapy; HDR-BT is combined with EBRT ± adjuvant hormone therapy. In patients with low-risk disease and in selected intermediate-risk patients, LDR-BT ensures long-term good disease control rates and HDR-BT can show similar results, even if with shorter follow-up. In patients with intermediate/high risk disease the combination therapy (EBRT + HDR-BT) shows better oncological outcomes compared to EBRT monotherapy, even if the role of adjuvant hormone therapy is still unclear. Literature shows variable efficacy of BT in case of local recurrence after EBRT and radical prostatectomy even if few cases have been reported with short follow-up. Side effects are acceptable (urogenital toxicity, urinary incontinence, sexual function) and comparable with the other treatment modalities. So far, randomized controlled trials comparing the different treatment modalities are necessary to clarify indications and real efficacy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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