1,720,975 research outputs found
Online Health Information Seeking in the Context of the Medical Consultation in Switzerland
No full textDroits, devoirs et dilemmes des femmes à risque génétique de cancer
No full textDepuis une quinzaine d’années, des tests permettent de vérifier la prédisposition génétique au cancer chez les individus en bonne santé. En cas de résultat positif, ceux-ci se voient octroyer un statut particulier et énigmatique, à mi-chemin entre la santé et la maladie : le statut de personne à risque génétique. Cet article vise à décrire la manière dont les femmes à risque génétique de cancer du sein et de l’ovaire déchiffrent les droits et les devoirs rattachés à leur statut. Sur la base de récits de vie recueillis en Suisse auprès de trente-deux femmes asymptomatiques qui savent porter la prédisposition génétique depuis au moins trois ans, l’article montre que décoder les prescriptions normatives associées au statut à risque génétique est un processus complexe. Au fil du temps, les femmes découvrent que ce statut s’accompagne d’une injonction forte à la gestion médicale du risque. En même temps, elles réalisent que cette injonction est sans cesse remise en question. Cette tension entre l’injonction à la gestion médicale du risque et sa remise en question est source de désorientation et oblige les femmes à s’engager pour construire elles-mêmes leur propre projet de santé.For the last fifteen years, genetic tests have been available to asymptomatic individuals for identifying cancer predisposition due to gene mutations. In case of adverse results, these individuals receive a specific and enigmatic health status, which is in-between health and illness : the genetically at-risk status. This paper aims to describe how women, who are genetically at-risk for breast and ovarian cancer, decipher rights and duties linked to their health status. This study is based on biographical interviews conducted in Switzerland with thirty-two asymptomatic women who have been aware of their gene mutation for at least three years. Results show that decoding the normative prescriptions linked to the genetically at-risk status is a complex process. Over time, women discover that they are strongly required to manage their risk by following a set of medical recommendations. In the same time, this prescription is continuously put into question. Caught between contradictory messages, at-risk women feel disoriented and are forced to activate themselves in order to build their own health project
Online health information seeking in the context of the medical consultation in Switzerland
No full textA growing number of patients search for medical information on the Internet. Understanding how they use the Internet is important, as this might impact their health, patient-practitioner roles, and general health care provision. In this article, we illustrate the motives of online health information seeking in the context of the doctor-patient relationship in Switzerland. We conducted semistructured interviews with patients who searched for health information online before or after a medical consultation. Findings suggest that patients searched for health information online to achieve the goals of preparing for the consultation, complementing it, validating it, and/or challenging its outcome. The initial motivations for online health information seeking are identified in the needs for acknowledgment, reduction of uncertainty, and perspective. Searching health information online was also encouraged by personal and contextual factors, that is, a person's sense of self-responsibility and the opportunity to use the Internet. Based on these results, we argue that online health information seeking is less concerned with what happens during the consultation than with what happens before or after it, in the sociocultural context
Communication of genetic risk in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and lynch syndrome: challenges and prospects for public health and clinical practice
Full text linkIn hereditary cancers, family communication of genetic information is essential to enable family members’ independent decision making about genetic risk assessment and counselling. In Switzerland, as in many other countries, due to privacy law, communication of genetic test results to at-risk relatives is proband-mediated and currently it is the only way genetic information can be passed on. However, uptake of genetic services among at-risk relatives is less than 50%, suggesting poor family communication and inefficacy of proband-mediated approaches in disseminating genetic information. This PhD thesis aims to explore the challenges of communication of genetic risk in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and Lynch Syndrome (LS), to identify prospects for public health and clinical practice and to propose a theoretical framework aiming to improve nursing practice around dissemination of genetic information. To reach the aim, three studies have been conducted: a cross-study comparison exploring genetic literacy using data collected from three sequential studies conducted in the U.S. and Switzerland over ≥10 years; a descriptive cross-sectional study using narrative data to clarify the process of communicating genetic risk to relatives; a descriptive study presenting an empirically-based framework to guide nursing practice for enhancing access to genetic services. The thesis demonstrates gaps in the dissemination of genetic information among at-risk relatives and confirms difficulties and a high level of complexity in the process of proband-mediated communication. It emphasises the need of interventions at the clinical and public health levels and suggests concrete actions to facilitate dissemination of genetic information and access to genetic services. To guide genomic nursing care, the thesis proposes the ACCESS model which focuses on promoting access to care, providing decisional support, supporting active coping, family risk communication and cascade screening, and ensuring ongoing surveillance
Dissonant role perception and paradoxical adjustments: an exploratory study on Medical Residents' collaboration with Senior Doctors and Head Nurses
Full text linkA good collaboration between health professionals is considered to have benefits for patients, healthcare staff, and organizations. Nevertheless, effective interprofessional collaboration is difficult to achieve. This is particularly true for collaboration between Medical Residents (MRs) and the immediate colleagues they interact with, as Senior Doctors (SDs) and Head Nurses (HNs). Role understanding is one of the factors that may explain difficulties in interprofessional collaboration. Based on this hypothesis, this paper focuses on MRs' role, devoting particular attention to differences in role perception between MRs, SDs, and HNs, and to their consequences for interprofessional collaboration. An exploratory qualitative study inspired by Grounded Theory was conducted in April 2009 in a small peripheral and non-university hospital in Switzerland. Data came from two focus groups with MRs (13), one with SDs (8), and one with HNs (7), and were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Findings show that the expected and the enacted role of MR are perceived differently by SDs, HNs and MRs themselves. To face the inconsistencies within MR's role, the three professional groups develop some adjustments that eventually prove to be paradoxical: on one side, they make collaboration possible and preserve the functioning of the ward, while on the other side they lead to mutual misunderstanding and discontent. These findings suggest that there is an urgent need of defining the role of MRs, of delimiting its boundaries and thereby distinguishing it from other health workers, and eventually of promoting a shared representation of it
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
