11 research outputs found
Analisa Pengaruh Kecepatan Putaran Spindel dan Tekanan Minyak Sawit Pada Mist Cooling Proses Frais (Milling) Baja St60 Terhadap Keausan Pahat High Speed Steel
No full text RINGKASAN Cahya, Kevin. 2019. Analisa Pengaruh Kecepatan Putaran Spindel dan Tekanan Minyak Sawit Pada Mist Cooling Proses Frais (Milling) Baja St60 Terhadap Keausan Pahat High Speed Steel. Skripsi, Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: (I) Dr. Aminnudin, S.T., M.T., (II) Yanuar Rohmat Aji Pradana, S.T., M.Sc. Kata Kunci: frais, putaran spindel, tekanan mist cooling, minyak sawit, keausan pahat. Sektor manufaktur menjadi kontributor terbesar bagi Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Nasional, tercatat di angka 19,83 % pada triwulan II-2018. Sektor manufaktur yang berperan penting yaitu proses permesinan frais (milling). Salah satu hal yang tidak bisa dilepaskan dari setiap proses pemesinan adalah timbulnya keausan pahat setelah dilakukan proses pemotongan. Keausan sendiri timbul karena adanya gesekan antara geram dengan pahat dan antara pahat dengan benda kerja. Parameter proses permesinan frais memiliki peran penting dalam terhadap keausan pahat, sehingga diperlukan pengaturan parameter pemotongan dan penambahan cairan pendingin. Mist cooling merupakan salah satu teknik pendinginan pada proses permesinan konvensional. Teknik mist cooling dengan cairan minyak sawit (palm oil) merupakan proses pendinginan yang ramah lingkungan karena tidak berbahaya bagi operator mesin. Oleh karena itu, metode mist cooling diterapkan dengan variasi putaran spindel dan tekanan pendingin pada proses frais baja St60 kemudian dianalisa pengaruhnya terhadap pahat high speed steel. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan variabel bebas yang digunakan yaitu putaran spindel sebesar 360, 490, dan 720 rpm serta tekanan mist cooling sebesar 0,5; 1,5; dan 2,5 bar. Besarnya tingkat keausan pahat diukur menggunakan mikroskop optik dengan perbandingan sisi pahat (flank side) sebelum dan sesudah proses permesinan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan putaran spindel berakibat pada peningkatan keausan pahat, hal ini terjadi karena peningkatan gesekan yang terjadi antara benda kerja terhadap sisi tepi pahat (flank side) pada putaran spindel yang lebih tinggi. Di samping itu, terjadi penurunan keausan pahat menggunakan tekanan mist cooling yang lebih tinggi hingga 0,187 mm pada tekanan 1,5 bar. Namun, tingkat keausan pahat mengalami peningkatan pada tekanan 2,5 bar sebesar 0,230 mm sehingga menunjukkan bahwa tekanan yang paling optimum untuk digunakan sebagai pendinginan yaitu 1,5 bar. Kondisi ini terjadi dikarenakan kurangnya jumlah minyak yang masuk ke dalam daerah pemotongan selama proses frais pada tekanan yang lebih tinggi, dan proses pelumasan didominasi oleh tekanan udara. SUMMARY Cahya, Kevin. 2019. Analysis of Spindle Speed and Palm Oil Pressure Variations on Milling Process of St60 Using Mist Cooling Toward High Speed Steel Tool Wear. Undergraduate Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, State University of Malang. Advisors: (I) Dr. Aminnudin, S.T., M.T., (II) Yanuar Rohmat Aji Pradana, S.T., M.Sc. Keywords: milling, spindle rotation, mist cooling pressure, palm oil, tool wear. Manufacturing sector became the biggest contributor to the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP), recorded at 19.83% in quarter II-2018. One of the most important processes used is the milling process. However, the appearance of tool wear after the cutting process is always considered as the process limitation. The wear itself arises because of the friction between the tool and the chip or workpiece. The milling machine process parameter plays an important role in tool wear, so it is necessary to adjust the cutting parameters and apply of coolant addition. Mist cooling is introduced as one of the cooling techniques in conventional machining processes. The technique of mist cooling using palm oil is considered as an eco-friendly cooling process because it is not dangerous for machine operators. Therefore, the respective cooling method was applied under the different spindle speed and coolant pressure condition for St60 milling and the tool wear was then studied. This research was conducted experimentally with the variation on the spindle rotation of 360, 490, and 720 rpm and mist cooling pressure of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 bars. The tool wear measurement was subsequently conducted visually by using an optical microscope through comparison on flank side before and after milling process. The results showed that the increase of spindle speed can enhance the tool wear due to the greater degree of friction occurred on flank side on higher spindle speed with 0.233 mm at 720 rpm. On the other hand, the tool wear was observed to be reduced using higher mist cooling pressure up to 0,187 mm at 1.5 bar. However, the tool wear remained higher when the excess pressure of 2.5 bar were applied with 0.23 mm indicating 1.5 bar was an optimum pressure can be used. This can be caused by the lack of oil amount exposing cutting region during milling when the excess pressure was used due to the air spray domination.
Damage Simulation of Pre-Forming V-Neck Plates with Variations in Material Type, Time and Temperature Using the Taguchi Method
Full text linkIn metal forming, damage can be caused by several factors: load on the workpiece, initial heating temperature, and temperature due to the friction between the die and the material for pre-forming. The metal forming process can be executed in 2 ways, namely by hot working and cold working. During these two types of mechanical working process, the metal undergoes plastic deformation. In hot working, the required deformation force is relatively low, and changes in mechanical properties are also insignificant. In cold working, a higher force is required, but the strength of the metal will increase significantly. The use of simulation has become increasingly widespread to predict and describe process mechanisms and optimize the pre-forming process. The study was conducted using a three-dimensional (3D) simulation to predict the effect of variations in time, material and temperature on the damage of pre-forming blocks. The simulation results showed that the greatest damage occurred after 0.006 s and at 25 °C to the specimen 1 (Aluminium 1xxx) with the highest damage value of 0.011833 which occurred. Specimen 7 (Aluminium 3xxx) had the lowest damage with the value of 0.011542 which occurred after 0.010 s and at 25 °C
The eschatology of Margaret Fell (1614-1702) and its place in her theology and ministry
Full text linkEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Based on a true history?: The impact of popular "Medieval Film" on the public understanding of the Middle Ages
Full text linkThis thesis examines the understanding of the Middle Ages among the UK public and the impact that popular big-budget films which depict the period have on that understanding. Three films released between 2000 and 2009 are chosen for detailed study, their selection being determined by success at the UK box office as a measure of popularity: Lord of the Rings, Return of the King (Jackson, 2003), Kingdom of Heaven (Scott, 2005) and Beowulf (Zemeckis, 2007).
Ten focus group interviews were conducted with nineteen participants, all between eighteen and twenty-six years of age, none of whom had studied the Middle Ages at GCSE level (age 14-16) or higher. In these groups, participants discussed their knowledge of the Middle Ages, were shown a film, and then discussed what they had seen. Participants were asked open-ended interview questions to encourage them to respond in their own terms and define what was important to them. As a result, topics ranged widely. In preliminary discussions, participants discussed how they understood the period, their academic, experiential and pop-culture sources of knowledge, their definitions of the similar terms ‘medieval’ and ‘Middle Ages’ and also their ideas about medieval culture, religion, warfare and crusade. After the films, participants discussed what they had seen usually in the context of what they already knew, sometimes constructing false memories of what they had seen which fit with their previous knowledge. Often they used the language of historical veracity to criticise the film for other related reasons (like poor filmmaking or inappropriate accents). They found support for many of their historical misconceptions in the films, but, rather than accepting all they saw as historical truth, they engaged in a complex critical discourse with what they were shown.
The findings of this thesis have implications for medieval (and medievalism) studies, public history, and for the delivery of history in primary, secondary and higher education
'Rime and reason': the political world of the English broadside ballad, 1640-1689
Full text linkThis thesis explores political broadside balladry in England in the period from c.1640 to the Glorious Revolution, and argues that it was a medium by which the political ideals of Christian humanism were transmitted to a socially and geographically diverse audience. The investigation is based on an analysis of all extant broadsides and titles of the period in conjunction with contemporary sources such as diaries, discourses on literature and politics, state papers and court records. No comprehensive historical study of this material across such a broad period has been done to date.
The thesis is divided into three sections: the market, the medium and the message of the broadside ballad world. These analyse the range and nature of products and consumers in the political ballad market, set out the functions of the political ballad and present the political analysis that ballads offered contemporaries as they sought to render comprehensible the political world in a period of momentous change.
The findings of the thesis are first, that the use of cheap print as a source by historians necessitates a serious engagement with the material culture, the genre and the content of print products. Second, it challenges the long-standing orthodoxy that the broadside ballad functioned primarily as a news medium and offers an accurate assessment of the ballad genre as political cultural broker between centre and periphery and a more nuanced explanation of the ballad as vehicle of choice for political debate. Third, in the light of material and generic insights and through detailed content analysis, it reveals the way in which the most traditional broadside ballads, printed for most part in black-letter, used Christian humanist ideas, based on Aristotle and the New Testament, to explain the trauma of the civil war and interregnum, to complain at the incursions into law and liberty by corrupt and radical Stuart government and to lay out the constructs and constraints of a political world which made it possible for the xenophobic English to eject an English King in 1688-9 and make a Dutch one acceptable, by dressing him in the mantle of an English Protestant hero
Aspects of the history of the Catholic gentry of Yorkshire from the Pilgrimage of Grace to the First Civil War
No full textThis study looks at the responses of the Yorkshire Catholic gentry to the immense
changes to their religious landscape in the early modem period, between 1536 and
1642. It examines how they continued to adhere to the Catholic religion, despite all
attempts first to induce and then compel conformity and highlights the ways in which
they managed to survive and prosper throughout the period, demonstrating that
previously neglected groups such as women and younger sons had a crucial role to
play in this process. The overwhelming theme to their actions was one of pragmatism,
rather than the heroic and self-destructive behaviour that was much admired by earlier
historians who wanted to identify martyrs to the Catholic cause.
The areas that are to be examined reflect both public and private gentry activities. In
the public sphere the Yorkshire gentry's part in the rebellions of the Tudor and Stuart
eras are studied along with their rejection of plots. The importance of marriage as an
early modem tool for building alliances and social advancement is acknowledged and
the impact that a continuing adherence to Catholicism had on this is considered. The
gentry and the church are examined through a study of the Catholic gentry's
involvement with their local parishes, their reaction to the dissolution and their
continuing adherence to monasticism, as shown through their devotion to English
orders on the continent. To reflect the changes that were occurring in this period
Catholic involvement in education, the law and medicine are also explored showing
that the Catholic community was not isolated from the wider society. Lastly the role
of Catholic women is given specific consideration in order both to redress the
imbalance in previous studies and due to the crucial role that women played in the
continuation of the Catholic community within Yorkshire
Exploited Edens: paradise discourse in colonial and postcolonial literature
Full text linkThis thesis examines the relation between figures of paradise and the ideologies and economies of colonialism, imperialism, and global capitalism, arguing that paradise myth is the product of a value-laden discourse related to profit, labour, and exploitation of resources, both human and environmental, which evolves in response to differing material conditions and discursive agendas. The literature of imperialism and conquest abounds with representations of colonies as potential gold-lands to be mined materially or discursively: from the EI Dorado of the New World and the 'infernal paradise' of Mexico, to the 'Golden Ophir' of Africa and the 'paradise of dharma' of Ceylon. Most postcolonial analyses of paradise discourse have focused exclusively on the Caribbean or the South Pacific, failing to acknowledge the appearance of fantasies of paradise in association with Africa and Asia. Therefore, my thesis not only performs a comparative reading of marginalized paradisal topoi and tropes related to Mexico, Zanzibar, and Ceylon, but also uncovers literature from these regions which has been overlooked in mainstream postcolonial .criticism, mapping the circulations, continuities, and reconfigurations of the paradise myth as it travels across colonie{and continents, empires and ideologies. My analysis of these three regions is divided into six chapters, the first of each section excavating colonial uses ofthe paradise myth and constructing its genealogy for that particular region, the second investigating revisionary uses of the motif by postcolonial writers including Malcolm Lowry, Wilson Harris, Abdulrazak Gurnah, and Romesh Gunesekera. I address imperialist discourse from outside the country in conjunction with discourse from within the independent nation in order to demonstrate how paradise begins as a literal topos motivating European exploration and colonization, develops into an ideological myth justifying imperial praxis and economic exploitation, and [mally becomes a literary motif used by contemporary postcolonial writers to challenge colonial representations and criticize neocolonial conditions
Political Theology and the Levellers: A discussion of the theological sources of the political thought of the Levellers and of some implications for modern understandings of political liberalism
Full text linkThe thesis establishes that the political liberty proposed by the Levellers during the English Civil Wars of the 1640s was derived from a theological doctrine of Christian liberty, rooted in Christology and Ecclesiology, and informed by various legal and philosophical traditions. The work is structured around an examination of the sources of Leveller political thought and a discussion of some implications of this for modern understandings of political liberalism.
The thesis argues that a major key to understanding the Levellers is to see the way in which they utilised existing streams of thought, whilst both synthesising and modifying these. These diverse intellectual currents include the English common law, free grace theology, early General Baptist ecclesiology, and natural law and canon law traditions. The Levellers combine these to give rise to the idea that the state should be strictly limited by the individual’s freedom, rights, and contractual consent.
The thesis takes great care with the religious sources, in order to avoid a number of current misreadings, especially with respect to theological ideas, ecclesial groupings, and terminology, particularly in relation to Puritanism. The opposition to fundamental elements of Puritanism will be shown to be a hermeneutic key that unlocks our understanding of the Levellers.
The research calls into question particular socialist readings of the Levellers. It also implicitly shows that the rejection of liberalism by certain modern Christian thinkers is based on an unnuanced view of political liberalism. Equally, the work provides a corrective to some recent secular accounts of political liberalism that see the historical roots of liberalism in a reaction to the church and religion
A conversation with Randy Olson
No full textRandy Olson was a professor of marine biology at the University of New Hampshire. Despite his Harvard Ph.D., four years of post-doctoral research in Australia and Florida, and years of diving around the world from the Great Barrier Reef to Antarctica, he tossed it all in, resigned from his tenured professorship and moved to Hollywood to explore film as a medium for communicating science. His films include Flock of Dodos: The Evolution-Intelligent Design Circus and Sizzle: A Global Warming Comedy. Today he is an independent filmmaker and author of the book Don’t Be Such a Scientist: Talking Substance in an Age of Style. Olson visited NCTC to screen his film Sizzle and to teach in the NCTC Course "Resource Management Implications of Global Climate Change." Olson discusses with Mark Madison the role of communication in climate change and the ways we can all better communicate science to the broader public.Interview with Randy Olson
July 20, 2011
Mr. Madison: Today is July 20th, 2011 and my name is Mark Madison at the National Conservation Training Center and I’m here with Randy Olson who is a scientist turned film-maker. Randy got a Ph.D. from Harvard University and was a tenured professor in marine biology. Then several years ago he decided to become a full-time film-maker. He has made two films: Flock of Dodos: The Evolution - Intelligent Design Circus came out around 2006 and his more recent film is Sizzle: A Global Warming Comedy. He’s also the author of a book called Don’t be Such a Scientist: Talking Substance In An Age of Style. He’s out here at NCTC to screen his film and help us teach a class. So Randy, welcome!
Mr. Olson: Great to be here.
Mr. Madison: It’s great to have you here. And the first question I have is Sizzle, it’s called A Global Warming Comedy. What type of film does a Global Warming comedy look like?
Mr. Olson: In this particular case, it’s kind of crazy and unorthodox. This movie is actually somewhat original in that it’s a hybrid of three different genres. It is a mockumentary, a documentary, and has reality elements to it.
Mr. Madison: And like I said, we’re going to be screening it this evening. It’s actually a very entertaining film, but also has a serious message about the need to communicate the dire effects of global warming. How did you try to get that message across?
Mr. Olson: Well, the “message” really -- I don’t even know if it’s so much of a message as it is more painting a picture. I think my feeling was that Al Gore’s movie An Inconvenient Truth was a valiant effort, but I don’t think it really painted an accurate picture because what they tried to do with that movie was they got to the end of it and said now that we’re all in agreement, that we accept that climate change is happening, global warming’s happening, let’s all get to work. And the fact was, we weren’t all in agreement in 2006 and probably even less in agreement today about whether climate change is happening, manmade climate change, and so as a result my movie doesn’t paint such a clear picture. It really ends up as a big mess by the end of it. It’s a lot of fun and I finish it with some voice over in which I kind of ask, what’s the deal? Why is it that the science community seems to be in agreement about this situation with the climate and yet our country is unable to provide any leadership around the world on the issue and that’s kind of how I end it.
I end it with just saying what’s the deal, and in fact I put this wonderful quote at the very end of it all from Kevin Conrad, the delegate from New Guinea at the 2007 or so Bali conference in which he said to the U.S. delegation, you know, if you guys want to lead that’s great, but if you’re not going to lead, please get out of the way and the place erupted in applause and I think that’s the world’s feeling towards the U.S. is we look to you for leadership but on this issue if you don’t have any ability to lead then all you’re doing is fowling things up for the rest of us that have kind of got it figured out and I think that is the situation today and that was not the picture that was painted by An Inconvenient Truth unfortunately.
Mr. Madison: Your other film was called a Flock of Dodos and it investigated the evolution intelligent design debate. Tell us a little about that film.
Mr. Olson: That one was started by my mother. I grew up in Kansas. My mother still lives there and starting about 2003 or so she began sending me all these newspaper articles from the Kansas City Star about this huge debate that emerged in Kansas over the teaching of evolution and what had happened was that a group of creationist basically had high-jacked the school board in the State of Kansas. They had secured six out of the 10 positions on the state school board and started to work trying to change the curriculum there and put in questions about evolution and then put in the idea of teaching intelligent design as a sort of equal and opposite idea comparable to evolution and it was a mess and for two years. I kind of ignored all those articles she was sending me and that just goes to show you, you should always listen to your mother because finally in 2005 I read an article in The New Yorker about this whole controversy and instantly realized, oh my goodness, this is a really good story, quickly grabbed a film crew and went back to Kansas and shot the initial footage that turned into this movie, Flock of Dodos.
Mr. Madison: Randy, we talked earlier how you’re an interesting and maybe unique hybrid of a professor turned film-maker …
Mr. Olson: Strange.
Mr. Madison: I know. But how does that effect how you communicate your message? How is it different today?
Mr. Olson: I think perhaps what is most valuable and what I have to offer is the voice of a scientist still now in the thick of the broad communication world and one of the realizations that I try and convey in my book is that in 1994 I moved to Hollywood and I think partly was thinking that at age 38 I was going to reprogram my brain and get rid of the science part of me and become a broad film-maker and what I finally realized 15 years later is that once you’ve gone down this developmental path by getting programmed as a scientist, you’re stuck with that voice for the rest of time and you can try and take all the acting classes you want, but it’s as distinctive as your fingerprint. It is there for the rest of time. There are stories that I tell in the book about being at cocktails parties in Hollywood and just saying one sentence and I mean everybody turned and looked at me like what’s wrong with you? You’re a scientist and all my film school classmates eventually came -- there’s one story I tell about they refer to me as “the Randy” of the group which means that being a scientist I have this commitment to the truth and that sometimes when people are talking great big stories and all full of excitement of cackomany ideas, I’m the guy that says wait a second, you know, if I look at the facts, what they tell me is that everything you’re saying isn’t going to come true, and then everybody looks at me and says thanks a lot, you know, way to rain on our parade with the facts as if we’re interested in that. And that’s what you’re stuck with as a scientist, particularly academic scientists. As I put it in Dodos, the blind obsession with the truth and that can cause all kinds of problems at times.
Mr. Madison: And yet there’s, obviously from the title of your book, some things you’ve been trying to modify. What do you mean by don’t be such a scientist?
Mr. Olson: What that refers to is the handicaps that happen when you are overly cerebral and nobody told me about this in 1994 when I moved to Los Angeles, and if you look at the book, the first paragraph of the book is pure profanity from my acting teacher -- the first night in this acting class that I entered into and she picked me out of this group of students and recognized me as an academic and then just laid into me and just basically said I know your type. You think a lot and you don’t act so much and people don’t want to see that. People go to the theatre and they watch actors, hoping that they will act and not stand there and think and she was absolutely right and it took me two years of this class to really appreciate what she was saying. I do and that’s what you do as an academic. You’re taught that before you act, think. Don’t do something until you have thought this through thoroughly.
Well, that seems like a good philosophy for the world but you begin to realize that there’s a trade off which is you lose the ability to be spontaneous and to capture that kind of spontaneous energy that turns out to be extremely powerful when it comes to communication and this is what’s behind reality shows is that they are unscripted and they have this element of spontaneity that the public today, more than ever before, just savors that spontaneous energy and academics tend to be weak on that part of communication.
Mr. Madison: That’s great. Well, we’ve been speaking with Randy Olson who is a scientist, author, and film-maker all wrapped up in one. His films once again are a Flock of Dodos: The Evolution - Intelligent Design Circus and his more recent film is called Sizzle: A Global Warming Comedy, and his book is called Don’t be Such a Scientist: Talking Substance in An Age of Style.
Randy, if people wanted to find out more about your film, is there a website that they could go to?
Mr. Olson: Yeah, there’s my main website, randyolsonproduction.com that has all the links and the background to everything.
Mr. Madison: Is that where all the PSA’s are too?
Mr. Olson: Yeah, you can link to them through there. Actually most of that work is on the website of shiftingbaselines.org. That’s where I’ve done all the ocean work and there’s a button on there for the film library that has probably 25 short films that I’ve done that are all mostly humorous and a lot of fun.
Mr. Madison: Yeah, in addition to Randy���s feature films, he’s got a number of hilarious PSA���s dealing with all sorts of marine creatures from barnacles to lobsters. I strongly recommend going to it. Randy, thank you so much for doing this podcast and thank all of you for listening to it.
Mr. Olson: Thank you
Shakespeare in purgatory : a study of the Catholicising movement in Shakespeare biography
Full text linkThe twentieth and the twenty-first centuries have Catholicised Shakespeare. At the
heart of this movement lie the so-called Lancastrian theories: that Shakespeare spent
some time during his `lost years' in Lancashire and that he is to be identified with
`Will[i]am Shakeshafte' in the will of the Catholic magnate, Alexander Hoghton of
Lea. Although the proponents of the theories - aptly called `Lancastrians' - agree in
terms of the identification of `Shakeshafte' with Shakespeare, their arguments vary
and sometimes even contradict each other. We have, therefore, Lancastrian theories
(plural). They are attempts to investigate the whereabouts of Shakespeare during the
`lost years' and to find out the means by which he entered the London theatre.
The Lancastrian theories can be seen in part as a counter-movement against
recent Shakespeare scholarship that has been preoccupied with theory. Paradoxically,
another stimulus for the revival of biographical studies is literary critics' interest in
early modem history, which materialist criticism, especially new historicism, has
brought in since the 1980s. Religion has become a major issue in Shakespeare studies.
The modem historiography of the English Reformation, especially `revisionism',
which emphasises the continuation of medieval Catholicism after the Reformation,
has provided significant energy for the development of the Lancastrian theories.
Furthermore, the Lancastrians have their own agenda - personal ambitions and
motivations, some of which are not altogether scholarly.
However, these theories are for the most part based on a chain of speculations,
and tend to state them as fact. The biographers, whether Lancastrians or not, who
believe Shakespeare and his family to have been Catholics are unfamiliar with the
religious condition in Elizabethan England, including anti-Catholic acts and the
penalties imposed on recusants. Their arguments also neglect other Elizabethan
customs. These biographers' lack of profound knowledge of socio-political and
religious history of Elizabethan England has produced inaccurate dramatisation of
Shakespeare's life. One other disabling tendency among these biographers is to
neglect negative evidence and disregard alternative interpretations. Their approaches
to Shakespeare biography simplify the complexity of documentary evidence and
produce narrowness of view.
In Elizabethan England a series of continuous religious negotiations and
renegotiations took place. Through this struggle, the clear-cut division between
Catholicism and Protestantism was deconstructed, and there emerged `religious
pluralism' -a compromise between Catholicism and Protestantism. It was in this
complex matrix that Shakespeare was born, grew up and wrote plays and poems. It is
against this cultural background that we should study Shakespeare's life (or lives)
