9,728 research outputs found
Metadata Representations for Queryable ML Model Zoos
No full textMachine learning (ML) practitioners and organizations are building model zoos of pre-trained models, containing metadata describing properties of the ML models and datasets that are useful for reporting, auditing, reproducibility, and interpretability purposes. The metatada is currently not standardised; its expressivity is limited; and there is no interoperable way to store and query it. Consequently, model search, reuse, comparison, and composition are hindered. In this paper, we advocate for standardized ML model metadata representation and management, proposing a toolkit supported to help practitioners manage and query that metadata.Web Information SystemsHuman-Centred Artificial Intelligenc
A Manifesto of Nodalism
No full textThis paper proposes the notion of Nodalism as a means describing contemporary culture and of understanding my own creative practice in electronic music composition. It draws on theories and ideas from Kirby, Bauman, Bourriaud, Deleuze, Guatarri, and Gochenour, to demonstrate how networks of ideas or connectionist neural models of cognitive behaviour can be used to contextualize, understand and become a creative tool for the creation of contemporary electronic music
Optimizing ML Inference Queries Under Constraints
No full textThe proliferation of pre-trained ML models in public Web-based model zoos facilitates the engineering of ML pipelines to address complex inference queries over datasets and streams of unstructured content. Constructing optimal plan for a query is hard, especially when constraints (e.g. accuracy or execution time) must be taken into consideration, and the complexity of the inference query increases. To address this issue, we propose a method for optimizing ML inference queries that selects the most suitable ML models to use, as well as the order in which those models are executed. We formally define the constraint-based ML inference query optimization problem, formulate it as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problem, and develop an optimizer that maximizes accuracy given constraints. This optimizer is capable of navigating a large search space to identify optimal query plans on various model zoos.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Web Information SystemsHuman-Centred Artificial Intelligenc
LOW SERUM FOLATE LEVELS: A RISK FACTOR FOR SUDDEN SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS?
No full textOBJECTIVE: Ischemic vascular damage of the inner ear is one of the known causes of sensorineural sudden hearing loss (SSHL). Folate is an emerging risk factor associated with an increased risk of vascular damage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low serum folate levels are associated with SSHL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serum folate levels were determined in 43 patients with SSHL and in 24 controls. RESULTS: Folate levels were found to be significantly lower in SSHL patients than in controls (mean difference -1.96 ng/ml; 95% CI -3.31, -0.59 ng/ml; p = 0.006). No significant relationship between folate levels and either sex, age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption or hypertension was observed, while a significant relationship was found between low folate levels and high homocysteine (HCY) levels in all 43 patients (p < 0.01). The potential influence of low folate levels on hearing impairment in SSHL patients can be explained by the effects on HCY metabolism and the diminution of folate antioxidant capacity. CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to elucidate whether low folate levels can be considered a risk factor for SSHL
Exploiting Face Recognizability with Early Exit Vision Transformers
No full textFace recognition with Deep Learning is generally approached as a problem of capacity. The field has seen progressively deeper, more complex models or larger, more highly variant datasets. However, the carbon footprint of machine learning (ML) is a concern. A real push is developing to reduce the energy consumption of ML as we strive for a more eco-friendly society. Lower energy consumption or compute budget is always desirable, if accuracy is not reduced below a usable level. We present an approach using the state of the art Vision Transformer and Early Exits for reducing compute budget without significantly affecting performance. We develop a system for face recognition and identification with a closed-set gallery and show that with a small reduction in performance, a reasonable reduction in FLOPs can be obtained using our method
Building a generalisable ML pipeline at ING
No full textAdvances in data science have caused an increase in the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically Machine Learning (ML), throughout various fields. Not only in research but in the industry as well, has ML been receiving increasing amounts of interest. Many companies rely on ML models to increase the efficiency of existing processes or offer new services and products. The industry, however, is facing several additional challenges compared to the academic context. One of those challenges is applying the Development Operations (DevOps) model to an ML application, also referred to as MLOps. This thesis sets out to find the specific challenges that practitioners encounter while operationalising ML models. To do so, we perform a single-case case study on an ML pipeline built by the Trade & Communication Surveillance team at the ING bank. This case study consists of conducting a set of interviews and performing a manual code inspection of the pipeline. The team faces challenges ranging from having insufficient time for operationalising each ML project individually to operating in the highlyregulated fintech context. Their pipeline is able to deploy a single ML model but it does not generalise well to other projects. We present the first version of an application that mitigates these challenges. The application is able to deploy ML models to the development environment at ING and can be operated by data scientists to reduce the effort of operationalising an ML model. Computer Science | Software Technolog
'Project smells' - Experiences in Analysing the Software Quality of ML Projects with mllint
No full textMachine Learning (ML) projects incur novel challenges in their development and productionisation over traditional software applications, though established principles and best practices in ensuring the project's software quality still apply. While using static analysis to catch code smells has been shown to improve software quality attributes, it is only a small piece of the software quality puzzle, especially in the case of ML projects given their additional challenges and lower degree of Software Engineering (SE) experience in the data scientists that develop them. We introduce the novel concept of project smells which consider deficits in project management as a more holistic perspective on software quality in ML projects. An open-source static analysis tool mllint was also implemented to help detect and mitigate these. Our research evaluates this novel concept of project smells in the industrial context of ING, a global bank and large software- and data-intensive organisation. We also investigate the perceived importance of these project smells for proof-of-concept versus production-ready ML projects, as well as the perceived obstructions and benefits to using static analysis tools such as mllint. Our findings indicate a need for context-aware static analysis tools, that fit the needs of the project at its current stage of development, while requiring minimal configuration effort from the user. Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Software EngineeringSoftware Technolog
Audiomobiles, Sculptures and Conundrums
No full textRoberto Gerhard was a pioneer of electronic music in England creating a number of substantial concert, theatre and radio works from as early as 1954. Gerhard’s electronic music is one of the richest repositories for understanding the development of the composer’s late compositional technique. Apart from the Symphony no.3, ‘Collages’, none of Gerhard’s electronic music is published. This paper will discuss aspects of Gerhard’s electronic music, focusing on Audiomobiles (1958-59) and Sculptures (1963)
Serum folate and homocysteine levels in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
No full textBACKGROUND. Local and systemic metabolic alterations are always present in cancer. Carcinogenesis is associated with biochemical disorders, often nonspecific, that might promote or derive from tumoral progression. Thus, analysis of metabolic alterations may be a valuable approach to understanding the biochemistry of tumors and may provide a means of identifying new targets for therapy. The methionine cycle in particular has been extensively studied in human cancer. METHODS. The authors analyzed serum concentrations of two metabolites of such pathways, folate and homocysteine, in 42 patients affected by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in comparison with two control groups, composed of smokers and non smokers. RESULTS. Mean folate level was 5.8 ± 2.1 ng/mL in carcinoma patients, 9.1 ± 2.7 ng/mL in smoking controls, and 9.7 ± 2.2 ng/mL in non smoking controls, with a statistically significant difference between carcinoma patients and smokers (mean difference: -3.3ng/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.234 to -2.366; P < 0.0001) and between carcinoma patients and non smokers (mean difference: -3.9ng/mL; 95% CI: -4.67 to -3.13; P < 0.0001). Mean total homocysteine level was 10.4 ± 5.3 μM in carcinoma patients, 7.8 ± 2.5 μM in the non-smokers' group, and 8.3 ± 2.8 μM in the smokers' group, with statistically significant differences between carcinoma patients and smoking controls (mean difference: 2.1 μM; 95% CI: 0.7056 to 3.494; P = 0.0034) and between carcinoma patients and non smoking controls (mean difference: 2.6 μM; 95% CI: 1.381 to 3.819; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS. Differences in serum levels of folate and homocysteine might arise from tumor development and consequent metabolic alterations or might precede and promote tumor progression. If hypofolatemia is a risk factor for head and neck carcinogenesis, it might suggest a role for folate as a novel chemopreventive agent both in patients with precancerous lesions and in patients with treated HNSCC at risk for loco-regional recurrence and second primary tumors. © 2002 American Cancer Society
Music for classical guitar by South African composers : a historical survey, notes on selected works and a general catalogue
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 296-309).This is the first comprehensive investigation of music for, or including, the classical guitar by South African composers. The focus of this research has been, firstly, to uncover as much of the repertoire as possible, and, secondly, to collate, study, catalogue and report on the information. A brief historical survey of the guitar in South Africa provides the context within which this study was conducted. The primary sources of quantitative data collection were through the archival catalogues of the South African Music Rights Organisation and through personal contact with guitarists, composers and guitar teachers. Other sources consulted were publishers, broadcasting corporations, recording companies, libraries and the internet. The body of the dissertation comprises biographical sketches, background notes, analyses and technical notes on 17 selected solo and chamber works dating from 1947 to 2007 by some of South Africa's most prominent composers and guitaristcomposers. The repertoire ranges in style from the traditional and ethnically inspired to the experimental and abstract. As this is an empirical survey, each selected entry includes details on instrumentation, duration, level of difficulty, number of pages, scordatura, commissions or requests, sources or publishers, premières and recordings. A biography of each composer is provided as well as background notes which offer an overview of the selected work. The notes discuss historical, cultural, musical and extra-musical influences, and frequently include references to interview material. The commentaries on the selected works, with musical examples, include an analytical component describing structure, form, stylistic and compositional elements, while the technical observations include performance suggestions and a grading for each work
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