1,354,368 research outputs found
Detection of plant species-specific dna (barley and soybean) in blood, muscle tissue, organs and gastrointestinal contents of rabbit
No full textThe aim of this study was to detect plant DNA sequences from low copy number genes of barley grain and soybean meal, the latter being subjected to solvent extraction process, in blood, liver, kidney, spleen, muscle tissue and digesta (duodenum, caecum and faeces from rectal ampulla) of rabbits. For fattening, Hyla rabbits (20 males and 20 females) were fed a diet including barley grain (15%) and soybean meal (12%). Animals were slaughtered at 74 d of age (2 ± 0.2 kg live weight) and samples collected from each animal. The quality of each DNA sample was verified using the UNIV P/Q primers used to amplify a mammalian specifi c portion of mtDNA 16S rRNA gene. The presence of plant DNA was subsequently ascertained on the same DNA samples, as well as on barley and soybean (control). Two classes of plant DNA sequences were monitored via real-time PCR, using SYBR(R) Green I Dye: a high copy number chloroplast gene (trnl) and a low copy number specific for barley (metal-dependent hydrolase-like protein) and soybean (lectin) genes. Melting curve analysis was used to identify the PCR products. The chloroplast fragment detection frequency was higher (P<0.01) in muscle (90%), liver (80%), kidney (80%) and spleen (80%) than in blood (40%) and digesta samples. In the latter, chloroplast DNA was found in 40 and 30% of duodenum and caecum contents respectively, and in 30% of faeces. The specificity of the amplicons obtained was checked by sequencing and annotation. In the samples positive for chloroplast fragments, the frequency of detection of barley specific sequence was higher (P<0.01) in liver (62.5%), kidney (62.5%), spleen (62.5%) and digesta (100%) than in blood (25%) and muscle (22.2%) samples. The soybean lectin gene was not detected in animal samples, although it was seen in plant samples. Results confirm that, except for gastrointestinal tract (GIT), plant single copy genes are more difficult to identify in animal samples.Tudisco, R.; Calabrò, S.; Bovera, F.; Cutrignelli, M.; Nizza, A.; Piccolo, V.; Infascelli, F. (2010). Detection of plant species-specific dna (barley and soybean) in blood, muscle tissue, organs and gastrointestinal contents of rabbit. World Rabbit Science. 18(2). https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2010.18.11182Aeschbacher K., Messikommer R., Meile L., Wenk C. 2005. Bt176 corn in poultry nutrition: physiological characteristics and fate of recombinant plant DNA in chickens. Poult. Sci., 84: 385-394.Altschul S.F., Madden T.L., Schäffer A.A., Zhang J., Zhang Z., Miller W., Lipman D.J. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acid Res., 25: 3389-3402.Association of Official Analytical Chemists, AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. AOAC, Washington, DC.Artim L., Charlton S., Dana G., Faust M., Glenn K., Hartnell G., Hunst P., Jennings J., Shillito R. 2001. Animal performance trials with bt crops. In Proc.: 4th Pacific Rim Conference - Biotechnology of Bacillus thuringiensis and its environmental impact. Australian National Universsity, Camberra, Australia. Nov 1-15, 2001. S: 61 (abstract).Benedich A. 1987. Why do chloroplasts and mitochondria contain so many copies of their genome? Bioessays, 6: 279-282.Chen Y., Wang Y., Ge Y., Xu B. 2005. Degradation of endogenous and exogenous genes of Roundup-Ready soybean during food processing. J. Agric. Food Chem., 53: 10239-10243Chiter A., Forbes J.M., Blair G.E. 2000. DNA stability in plant tissues: implications for the possible transfer of genes from genetically modified food. FeBS Lett., 481: 164-168.Chowdhury E. H., Mikami O., Nakajima Y., Kuribara H., Hino A., Suga K., Hanazumi M., Yomemochi C. 2003. Detection of genetically modified maize DNA fragments in the intestinal contents of pigs fed StarLinkTM CBH351. Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 45: 95-96.Duggan P.S., Chambers P.A., Heritage J., Forbes J.M. 2003. Fate of genetically modified maize DNA in the oral cavity and rumen of sheep. Br. J. Nutr., 89: 159-166.Einspanier R., Lutz B., Rief S., Berezina O., Zverlov V., Schwarz W., Mayer J. 2004. Tracing residual recombinant feed molecules during digestion and rumen bacterial diversity in cattle fed transgene maize. eur. Food Res. Technol., 218: 269-273.Flachowsky G., Chesson A.. Aulrich K. 2005. Animal nutrition with feeds from genetically modified plants. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 59: 1-40.Forbes J.M., Blair G.E., Chiter A., Perks S. 1998. Effect of feed processing conditions on DNA fragmentation. U.K. MAFF Report CS0116.Klaften M., Whetsell A., Webser J., Grewal R., Fedyk E., Einspanier R., Jennings J., Lirette R., Glenn K. 2004. Animal biotechnology: challenges and prospects. In: ACS Symposium Series (ed. M.M. Bhalgat, W.P. Ridley, A.S. Felsot and J.N. Seiber). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, vol. 866, pp.: 83-99.Kuribara H., Shindo Y., Matsuoka T., Takubo K., Futo S., Aoki N., Hirao T., Ariyama H., Goda Y., Toyoda M., Hino A. 2002. Novel reference molecules for quantitation of genetically modified maize and soybean. J. of AOAC Int., 85: 1077-1089.Mazza R., Soave M., Morlacchini M., Piva G., Marocco A. 2005. Assessing the transfer of genetically modified DNA from feed to animal tissues. Trans. Res., 14: 775-784.McAllan A.B. 1980. The degradation of nucleic acids in and the removal of breakdown products from the small intestines of steers. Br. J. Nutr., 4: 99-112.McAllan A.B. 1982. The fate of nucleic acids in ruminants. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 41: 309-317.Nemeth A., Wurz A., Artim L., Charlton S., Dana G., Glenn K., Hunst P., Jennings J., Shilito R., Song P. 2004. Sensitive PCR analysis of animal tissue samples for fragments of endogenous and transgenic plant DNA. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52: 6129-6135.Netherwood T., Martín-Orúe S.M., O'Donnell A.G., Gockling S., Graham J., Mathers J.C., Gilbert H.J. 2004. Assessing the survival of transgenic plant DNA in the human gastrointestinal tract. Nat. Biotechnol., 22: 204-209.Phipps R.H., Deaville E.R., Maddison B.C. 2003. Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DANN in rumen fluid, duodenal digesta, milk, blood, and faeces of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 86: 4070-4078.Sawyer J., Wood C., Shanahan D., Gout S., McDowell D. 2003. Realtime PCR for quantitative meat species testing. Food Cont., 14: 579-583.Terzi V., Infascelli F., Tudisco R., Russo G., Stanca A.M., Faccioli P. 2004. Quantitative detection of Secale cereale by real-time PCR amplification. Lebensm.-Wiss. u.-Technol., 37: 239-246.Tudisco R., Infascelli F., Cutrignelli M.I., Bovera F., Morcia C., Faccioli P., Terzi V. 2006a. Fate of feed plant DNA monitored in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Liv. Sci., 105: 12-18.Tudisco R., Lombardi P., Bovera F., D'Angelo D., Cutrignelli M.I., Mastellone V., Terzi V., Avallone L., Infascelli F. 2006b. Genetically modified soybean in rabbit feeding: detection of DNA fragments and evaluation of metabolic effects by enzymatic analysis. Anim. Sci., 82: 193-197.Tudisco R., Cutrignelli MI., Bovera F., Calabrò S., Piccolo G., D'Urso S., Infascelli F. 2007. Influence of pellet process of concentrate on the fate of feed plant DNA in the rabbit. Vet. Res. Comm., 31 (suppl. 1): 409-412
Griseofulvin/carrier blends: identification of factors affecting the dissolution efficiency of solid dispersions using carrier molecular descriptors and Partial Least-Squares (PLS) regression analysis
No full textCaratteristiche del taglio campione di mezzene di vitelloni podolici sottoposti a differenti sistemi di allevamento
No full textCaratteristiche del taglio campione di mezzene di vitelloni podolici sottoposti a differenti sistemi di allevamento
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Evaluation of the Effect of Different Dietary Lipid Sources on Dogs’ Faecal Microbial Population and Activities
No full text: Lipids represent a significant energy source in dogs' diets. Moreover, dogs need some essential fatty acids, such as linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids, because they are not able to produce them endogenously. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dietary lipid sources on faecal microbial populations and activities using different evaluations. Hemp seed oil and swine tallow were tested as lipid supplements in a commercial canned diet at a ratio of 3.5% (HL1 and HL2, respectively). These diets were compared with one rich in starch (HS). Twelve dogs were recruited and equally divided into three groups. Faeces samples at 30 days were used as inoculum and incubated with three different substrates (MOS, inulin, and cellulose) using the in vitro gas production technique. The faecal cell numbers of relevant bacteria and secondary metabolites were analysed (in vivo trial). In vitro evaluation showed that the faeces of the group fed the diet with hemp supplementation had better fermentability despite lower gas production. The in vivo faecal bacterial count showed an increase in Lactobacillus spp. In the HL1 group. Moreover, a higher level of acetate was observed in both evaluations (in vitro and in vivo). These results seem to indicate a significant effect of the dietary fatty acid profile on the faecal microbial population
Frog intestinal sac as an in vitro method for the assessment of intestinal permeability in humans: Application to carrier transported drugs
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the presence of pharmaceutically relevant drug transporters in frog intestine which has been proposed as model for intestinal permeability screening assays of passively absorbed drugs in humans [Trapani, G., Franco, M., Trapani, A., Lopedota, A., Latrofa, A., Gallucci, E., Micelli, S., Liso, G., 2004. Frog intestinal sac: a new in vitro method for the assessment of intestinal permeability. J. Pharm. Sci. 93, 2909-2919]. The expression of transporters in frog intestine was supported by the following observations: (i) the involvement of purine nucleobase transport system was deduced by inhibition of acyclovir transport in the presence of adenine; (ii) baclofen or L-dopa transport was inhibited by the digitalis steroid ouabain and it may be related to the Na+ electrochemical potential difference, presumably involving amino acid transporters; (iii) the presence of proton-dependent peptide transporters was argued evaluating the effect of the pH change (from pH 5.9 to pH 7.4) on the transport of glutathione; (iv) the possible expression in the frog intestine of an efflux system distinct from P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in the benzylpenicillin transport was deduced using a glucose enriched frog Ringer with or without the known Pgp inhibitor verapamil; (v) the contribution of Pgp-mediated efflux system in determining the frog intestinal absorption of drugs was supported by the specific inhibition of cimetidine or nadolol transport in the presence of verapamil. These results indicate that pharmaceutically relevant drug transporters should be also expressed in frog intestine. In this work, an attempt was also made to compare the measured P-app values in the frog intestinal model for the aforementioned series of actively/effluxed transported drugs in humans to the corresponding literature values for the fraction absorbed. The P-app values used in these comparisons were obtained at high concentrations of drugs at which probably saturation of the carrier occurs. Interestingly, it was found that drugs that are completely absorbed had P-app values >3 x 10(-6) cm/s, while drugs absorbed <90% had P-app values lower than 1 x 10(-6) cm/s. In these cases, indeed, a borderline region characterized by the apparent permeability coefficient P-app value between 1 x 10(-6) and 3 x 10(-6) cm/s should be considered for which the prediction of the absorbed fraction after oral administration in humans become more uncertain by the frog intestinal sac system. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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