2,910 research outputs found
The role of sleep in cognitive and affective biases associated with depression
No full textBoth sleep disturbances and cognitive and affective biases (attention, memory and interpretation biases) are associated with the onset and maintenance of depression. In recent decades, it has been hypothesized that sleep disturbances might be critical for the affect regulation in depression. Experimental studies further suggested that cognitive and affective processing, including attention, memory, and interpretation of emotional information in healthy populations is affected by sleep. However, it remained unclear whether and how sleep is associated with the cognitive and affective biases in individuals with depression. The current thesis reports two studies that investigated the relationship between sleep and cognitive and affective biases in depression.
Study 1 was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of depression and sleep disturbances including insomnia and short sleep duration on cognitive and affective biases. Fifty-four individuals with major depressive disorder and 81 non-depressed controls completed a set of questionnaire and a one-week sleep diary with actigraph before the experiment. On the experimental day, they were administered a dot-probe task (to measure attentional bias), an incidental memory task (to measure memory bias) and an emotional face perception task (to measure interpretation bias). Study 2 involved the experimental manipulation of sleep using a napping paradigm. The same participants from Study 1 completed the aforementioned tasks again after one of the three randomly assigned conditions (i.e. No nap, 30-min nap, 90-min nap). Changes in task performance across wakefulness and different periods of sleep were compared.
Results of Study 1 indicated that cognitive and affective biases in individuals with depression were moderated by habitual sleep duration and insomnia independently. Individuals with both depression and short sleep displayed more intense perception of mildly expressive sad faces than the non-depressed individuals. The recognition memory of positively-valenced pictures was poorer in individuals with both depression and insomnia compared with those with depression only. Results of Study 2 showed that within the depressed group, increased negative attentional bias was found after a period of wakefulness, whereas napping mitigated the changes. While consolidation of positively-valenced eyes pictures in the sleep condition was found in the control group, the depressed group failed to show consolidation of positive stimuli over sleep. Instead, the depressed group showed memory consolidation of neutrally-valenced stimuli after nap conditions without Rapid-Eye-Movement (REM) sleep, but not those with REM sleep. Increased intensity ratings of fearful and angry faces were observed in the depressed group who achieved REM sleep only. The findings suggest that the emotional processing in the depressed group was altered by a period of sleep.
In summary, the current thesis demonstrated that cognitive and affective biases in depression were moderated by habitual sleep disturbances and instantly affected by a period of short sleep. Our findings not only provide further evidence to the role of sleep in depression, but also highlight heightened cognitive and affective biases as potential mechanisms. Future research could examine evidence-based models for conceptualization of depression and interventions focusing on cognitive and affective biases alterations as well as sleep enhancement.published_or_final_versionPsychologyDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph
A note on Belyi's theorem for Klein surfaces
No full textSingerman and the first named author have recently developed a real Belyi thoery, leaving open a particular case in the proof of Belyi's theorem for Klein surfaces. We answer their question affirmatively by a descent argument which turns out to extend to a much more general context
Archivist, Archaeologist, Author and the Tactile Window
No full textThe idea that the predominant way of engaging with architecture is through vision is not uncommon but also not always the most appropriate given that buildings are also experienced through tactile interventions. This consequence that emphasises visual aesthetics in order to appreciate and understand architecture probably has much to do with the assumed but rather vaguely defined role of the architect as designer in the practice of architectural design. A resulting misapprehension is that architects designing for visual appreciation think that they are actually designing physical space for embodied tactile engagement.
This prioritisation of vision in the way architects think about and approach design is questioned through the design project of the Tactile Window in which the position of the architect is redefined through inhabiting the roles of archivist, archaeologist and author during the design process.
A 16th century portrait of Queen Elizabeth I known as the Ditchley portrait, currently on display at the National Portrait Gallery is used as the source from which the design of the Tactile Window is derived from and refers back to. Questioning the validity of vision as the sole means of engaging with the work, information about the portrait and working methods gathered from the three carefully chosen positions mentioned above are drawn on and applied to the making of this Tactile Window that becomes an alternative Ditchley portrait. Through exploring the hidden historical and current narratives of and in the existing portrait, the presence of the portrait is alluded to on an alternative physical site. Key to this are the working methods of an invented archival system of design reasoning, the unearthing of archaeological texts and assuming of authorship within the individual frameworks of the roles of archivist, archaeologist and author.
The redefined role of the architect as archaeologist takes onboard the unearthing of associated drawings and writings as well as the methods of organising and applying the recovered information to the system set up by the archivist. This analysis of the graphic and text based information is used to formulate historical narratives that are woven into the design project. Whereas traditional archaeology stresses on the study of a site from a site with quantifiable limits to the physical context, the notion of archaeological sites in this instance refers to the places where the stored information is unearthed. Through the careful process of archiving and analysing this information, a new site that is located within both the physical and historical contexts of interest is discovered. The author then draws upon the elements in the archival system that includes the findings of the archaeologist to construct the alternative Ditchley portrait in this new site of the Echoing Cedar, the result of which bears no visual resemblance to the existing work.
The Tactile Window is a reading of the Ditchley portrait in which information about and in the painting is transformed into a design proposal for an inhabited structure. The intended method of interaction with this alternative portrait is not merely restricted to vision but relies on engagement with the other senses. This experience is enhanced by the interplay with certain site conditions such as wind and rain in order to allude to specific aspects of the Ditchley portrait that are not visually apparent in the existing work.
In the processes of excavating, finding and revealing the hidden information to create this alternative portrait, the effects of the visuals afforded by the existing portrait inadvertently begin to fade as the validity of a single means of visual expression is questioned
India’s women and the writing process: Interview with Manju Kapur.
No full textLisa Lau interviews Manju Kapur, author of five novels (Difficult Daughters, 1998; A Married Woman, 2003; Home, 2006; The Immigrant, 2008; Custody, 2011) and editor of Shaping the World (2014)
Prevalence and extent of calcification over aorta, coronary and carotid arteries in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
No full textWang S, Yiu K-H, Mok M-Y, Ooi GC, Khong P-L, Mak K-FH, Lau C-P, LAM K-F, Lau C-S, Tse H-F (University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong). Prevalence and extent of calcification over aorta, coronary and carotid arteries in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Intern Med 2009;Objective. To evaluate the prevalence and pattern of arterial calcification in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Background. Patients with RA are prone to premature atherosclerosis; nonetheless the prevalence and extent of atherosclerosis in different vascular beds and their relationship to each other remain unknown. Methods. We studied the distribution and extent of arterial calcification in 85 RA patients and 85 age-and sex-matched controls. Arterial calcification as determined by calcium score (CS) were measured using multi-detector computed tomography in thoracic aorta, coronary and carotid arteries. Results. Compared with controls, RA patients had a significantly higher average CS and prevalence of CS > 0 in aorta, coronary and carotid arteries and overall arteries (all P 60, 90% had diffuse arterial calcification, especially over the thoracic aorta, compared with 55% of controls who had arterial calcification clustered in the coronary arteries (P 0 were older with a higher urea level and C-reactive protein than those without arterial calcification, no factor was found to be independently predictive for arterial calcification (all P > 0.05). Conclusions. Our results demonstrated that RA patients had earlier onset, more diffuse arterial calcification over multiple vascular beds and more preferential involvement of thoracic aorta, rather than coronary artery when compared with control. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Measurements of heat treatment effects on bovine cortical bones by Nanoindentation and compression testing
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: Lau, Kin-Tak.Version of RecordPublishedC
Lau fish taxonomy
No full textThis thesis is a preliminary attempt to consolidate materials pertaining to Lau fish taxonomy (North Malaita, Solomon Islands). Data utilized come from two sources: those collected by Maranda and Maranda (1966-1968) and those collected by the author during a two-month field period (October-December 1975).
Two approaches to the analysis of terminological systems are explored first. A general description of the Lau Taxonomic Universe follows in which the major components are indicated.
The focus then shifts to a more detailed discussion of Lau Fish taxonomy. Material presented here takes three forms:
(1) A comprehensive list of fish identified according to biological classifications.
(2) A summary of data obtained from informants' Memory Lists of fish names. The problems of taxonomic inclusion and equivalence are considered.
(3) A discussion of those data traditionally regarded as "Non-Taxonomic Terminology".
Distinctive Features are then considered and some examples given. Upper Level Taxa are discussed first. Following this, the Features and Criteria for the classification of Lower Level Taxa are outlined.
Suggestions for further inquiry and propositions concerning analytical avenues constitute the final portion of this presentation.Arts, Faculty ofAnthropology, Department ofGraduat
Sistem Informasi Desa Lau Pakam Kecamatan Mardingding Kabupaten Karo Berbasi Web
No full textThe development of technology today is very rapid with the support of sophisticated
electronic equipment, namely Smartphones, which can access various information
easily. The people of Lau Pakam sometimes find it difficult to get accurate
information about government, especially in the village. And the government that
works in the village sector is difficult to provide information about the village or the
village directly for the Lau Pakam people who need information. Therefore, the
author created a "Web-Based Information System for Lau Pakam Village,
Mardingding District, Karo Regency" to make it easier for the Lau Pakam
community to get information and the village government to provide information.
This system is based on a website to make it easier because it can be accessed by
anyone.41 HalamanKertas Karya Diplom
Lipase activities for lipozyme, novozyme, free lipase, CS-L, CS/GO-SL, CS-CL, and CS/GO-SCL.
No full text<p>Lipase activities for lipozyme, novozyme, free lipase, CS-L, CS/GO-SL, CS-CL, and CS/GO-SCL.</p
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