1,721,011 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Luxury clothing consumption as a process of self-overvalorization, overconformity and confiscation : the case of Sapeur (African Dandy)
No full textCette recherche pose ainsi la problématique de l’usage du luxe vestimentaire comme discours militant et objet de captation. Plus précisément, ce travail investigue les mécanismes de la consommation du luxe vestimentaire par la communauté des Sapeurs. Ces derniers sont Africains, Noirs et leur consommation de luxe vestimentaire répond à des enjeux de Survalorisation de soi, de Surconformité et de tentatives de confiscation du luxe européen. Conséquemment, pour ces Sapeurs, le vêtement de luxe se transforme en un discours militant qui formule une motivation forte à recoloniser ou à basculer la perspective coloniale au profit du Noir. De fait, tel un processus de déconstruction sociologique et idéologique, le Sapeur manifeste une volonté de « jouer » sur le luxe Européen pour enfin le métamorphoser en un luxe par et pour l’Africain tout en gardant, bien entendu, les symboles et les vertus originelles.The aim of this research is to study the use of luxury clothing consumption as an activist discourse and capturing object. More specifically, we investigate the mechanisms of luxury clothing consumption as used by the “Sapeur” community. This movement is composed of black Africans and their luxury clothing consumption meets such challenges as Overvalorization of the self, Overconformity and an attempted confiscation of European luxury. Consequently, for these Sapeurs, luxury clothing turns into an activist discourse, which shows their strong motivation to recolonize or to switch the colonial perspective in favor of the Blacks. In fact, such a process of sociological and ideological deconstruction shows how Sapeurs manifest a desire to "play" with European luxury to finally turn it into a luxury made by and for Africans while keeping, of course, its original symbols and virtues
Approche stylistique et pragmatique des maximes conversationnelles dans Jusqu’à nouvel avis de Guillaume Oyono-Mbia
Get PDFLa conversation est un échange communicatif de type interlocutif plaçant les participants sur un pied d’égalité. Elle admet une liberté dans les prises de parole et le choix des thèmes est peu contraignant. Contrairement à ce qu’on pourrait penser, la conversation repose sur un niveau hiérarchisé au cœur duquel figurent le principe de coopération et les maximes conversationnelles. Les arts de la scène, qui sont par essence verbaux, reposent sur des fondements similaires. Le théâtre, genre représentatif de cette forme d’interlocution, semble reproduire la conversation ordinaire. Cependant, il s’en démarque à travers certains procédés langagiers résultant de la scène englobante littéraire. C’est pourquoi la stylistique est convoquée pour mettre au jour les modalités par lesquelles l’œuvre viole les maximes conversationnelles et le principe de coopération. Dans cette perspective, l’approche stylistique est corrélée à la pragmatique. La raison en est que les concepts et les outils mobilisés pour décrypter les lois du discours ont été forgés à partir de cette science
Comprendre la variation de la mise en oeuvre de la participation publique entre les administrations locales : le cas des Communes III et V du district de Bamako au Mali
Get PDFDepuis plusieurs années maintenant, il y a un consensus autour de la nécessité de faire participer les citoyens aux processus de la gestion publique. Ce besoin s’exprime particulièrement à l’échelle municipale. On assiste ainsi, un peu partout dans le monde, à l’adoption de mesures législatives qui imposent la participation des habitants à l’action publique locale. Dans les pays du Sud, notamment en Afrique subsaharienne, la décentralisation constitue le vecteur principal de cette diffusion de la participation dans le cadre des réformes dites de « bonne gouvernance. » Cependant, les administrations locales ne s’inscrivent pas dans cette dynamique participative de la même manière. La mise en oeuvre des différentes obligations de participation publique varie en effet d’une collectivité à l’autre. L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre les raisons qui expliquent cette variation de la mise en oeuvre des obligations de participation publique entre les administrations locales à partir du cas des Communes (municipalités) III et V du district de Bamako au Mali.
La variation de la mise en oeuvre de la participation publique entre les administrations locales reste un objet relativement peu étudié en général, et encore moins dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Les quelques travaux qui abordent cette question mettent en avant les facteurs liés aux contextes géo-démographiques et économiques des collectivités, les facteurs institutionnels avec le niveau national et les facteurs politiques internes des collectivités. En croisant la perspective d’anthropologie politique et juridique développée respectivement par Bierschenk et Olivier de Sardan (1998) et Hesseling et Oomen (2005) avec l’analyse des politiques publiques (Perret 2008, Bernier et Lachapelle 2010), cette thèse soutient l’hypothèse que la variation de la mise en oeuvre des obligations de participation publique au sein des communes est davantage liée à des facteurs politiques internes (c’est-à-dire spécifiques à la municipalité) qu’à des facteurs contextuels ou institutionnels. Sur la base des entretiens réalisés avec différents acteurs, consolidés par l’analyse documentaire et l’observation de séances des conseils communaux et de débats publics, notre enquête met en évidence plusieurs résultats. Premièrement, la variation de la mise en oeuvre de la participation publique entre les communes de Bamako résulte fondamentalement d’un facteur politique interne, à savoir le profil du maire et du secrétaire général (directeur général). Deuxièmement, la compétition politique (facteur politique) et la situation économique (facteur contextuel) apparaissent comme des facteurs qui stimulent cette variation. Troisièmement, sans déterminer la variation, la revendication des parties prenantes de la participation (facteur politique), la présence de partenaires techniques et financiers qui emploient des pratiques de participation des citoyens dans une approche politique (facteur contextuel) et la prise en compte de la participation publique dans le contrôle exercé par le gouvernement (facteur institutionnel) peuvent contribuer à une mise en oeuvre optimale par les administrations locales de la participation publique institutionnalisée au niveau national. En ce sens, il est possible de dire que la variation de la mise en oeuvre de la participation publique entre les deux communes étudiées résulte d’une prédominance de facteurs politiques internes avec une influence somme toute relative de facteurs contextuels et institutionnels. For several years now, the necessity of having citizens participate in the process of public management seems to have reached a consensus. This need is expressed in particular on the municipal level. Throughout the world, legislative measures are being implemented to require citizens to participate in local public actions. In the South, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, decentralization is the main approach being taken to increase participation as a part of these “good governance” reforms. However, all local administrations do not subscribe to this participative dynamic in the same way. The implementation of various obligations for public participation varies in effect from one community to the next. The goal of this thesis is to understand the reasons that explain this variation in the implementation of public participation between the local administrations based on the municipalities of Communes III and V in the district of Bamako in Mali.
The variation in the implementation of public participation between local administrations is not a topic that has been widely studied, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. The little work that addresses this question focuses instead on factors related to the geo-demographic context and the economics of communities, on institutional factors related to the national level and on the internal political factors of communities. By crossing the legal and political anthropological perspective developed respectively by Bierschenk and Olivier de Sardan (1998) and Hesseling and Oomen (2005) with public policy analysis (Perret 2008, Bernier et Lachapelle 2010), this thesis supports the hypothesis that the variation in the implementation of public participation obligations within the municipalities is more closely related to internal political factors (that are specific to the municipality) than contextual or institutional factors. Based on interviews with various actors and consolidated by documentary analysis and the observation of local council meetings and public debates, our research has highlighted several results. We found that the variation in the implementation of public participation between the municipalities of Bamako is fundamentally a result of internal political factors, namely the profiles of the Mayor and the Secretary General (Director General). We also found that political competition (political factors) and the economic situation (contextual factor) appear to be issues that cause this variation. Our last finding, without determining the variation, is that the demands of stakeholders of participation (political factor), the presence of technical and financial partners that make use of the participative practices of citizens from a political perspective (contextual factor) and public participation in the control exercised by government (institutional factor) contributes to optimal implementation by local administrations for institutionalized public participation on a national level. In this sense, we can state that the implementation of public participation between the two municipalities studied has resulted in a predominance of internal political factors with any amount of relative contextual and institutional factors
Congruence of two polyphonic theories in the stylistic analysis of novelistic texts: intertextuality and dialogism in Maurice Bandaman’s L’état z’héros ou la guerre des gaous
Get PDFL’état z’héros is a work in which Maurice Bandaman integrates the tale into the frame structure of the novel. Its discursivity is based on a number of oral intertexts including ritual songs, stanzas, opuses and references integrated in the form of a literary collage. At the narrative level, the voices of the narrators interact with those of the characters in dialogues and autonomous monologues by characters or narrators. These dialogic relationships highlight narrative metalepses that are polyphonic. It is one of the marks of literarity, the main driving force of stylistic analysis. The aims of this article are, firstly, to show that dialogism and intertextuality are two approaches echoing each other in the stylistic analysis of novelistic texts and, secondly, to prove that intertextual relations lead to polyphony and bring literarity to the fore.L’état z’héros est une œuvre dans laquelle Maurice Bandaman intègre le conte dans la structure du roman. Sa discursivité repose sur un certain nombre d’intertextes oraux dont les chants rituels, les stances, les opus et des références intégrées sous la forme d’un collage littéraire. Au niveau de la narration, la voix des narrateurs interagit avec celles des personnages dans les dialogues et les monologues autonomes des personnages ou des narrateurs. Ces relations dialogiques mettent en relief des métalepses narratives qui ressortent de la polyphonie. Celle-ci est l’une des marques de la littérarité, principal moteur de l’analyse stylistique. À travers un double objectif, primo, il s’agit de montrer que le dialogisme et l’intertextualité sont deux approches qui se font écho dans l’analyse stylistique des textes romanesques, en l’occurrence de ce texte de Maurice Bandaman. Secondo, il est question de prouver que les relations intertextuelles débouchent sur la polyphonie et mettent au premier plan la littérarité
From Dream to Despair: The Ironies of the Great Migration in William Attaway’s Blood on the Forge
Get PDFOften assimilated to «urban realism» of the 1940s, William Attaway’s Blood on the Forge resists such a classification. Unlike the violent modes of protest literature wherein the individual confronts headlong the white racist system, Attaway uses irony to subvert the racist determination of African American subjectivity. The novel dramatizes the trauma of racism and segregation with which the Moss brothers are confronted. In their attempt to escape from the sharecropping system and its economic and racial oppression, Attaway’s protagonists leave rural Kentucky (South) for the steel mill town in the North. Instead of the better future such a move might imply, Attaway’s characters suffer and they are either crippled or killed at the end of the novel. This article argues that the condition of the characters is ironic in that they lose in the North the human qualities they brought with them from the South. The purpose of this study is not so much to break new ground but rather to promote a productive reading of Attaway and give him the place he deserves in African American literature. Often assimilated to «urban realism» of the 1940s, William Attaway’s Blood on the Forge resists such a classification. Unlike the violent modes of protest literature wherein the individual confronts headlong the white racist system, Attaway uses irony to subvert the racist determination of African American subjectivity. The novel dramatizes the trauma of racism and segregation with which the Moss brothers are confronted. In their attempt to escape from the sharecropping system and its economic and racial oppression, Attaway’s protagonists leave rural Kentucky (South) for the steel mill town in the North. Instead of the better future such a move might imply, Attaway’s characters suffer and they are either crippled or killed at the end of the novel. This article argues that the condition of the characters is ironic in that they lose in the North the human qualities they brought with them from the South. The purpose of this study is not so much to break new ground but rather to promote a productive reading of Attaway and give him the place he deserves in African American literature. Often assimilated to «urban realism» of the 1940s, William Attaway’s Blood on the Forge resists such a classification. Unlike the violent modes of protest literature wherein the individual confronts headlong the white racist system, Attaway uses irony to subvert the racist determination of African American subjectivity. The novel dramatizes the trauma of racism and segregation with which the Moss brothers are confronted. In their attempt to escape from the sharecropping system and its economic and racial oppression, Attaway’s protagonists leave rural Kentucky (South) for the steel mill town in the North. Instead of the better future such a move might imply, Attaway’s characters suffer and they are either crippled or killed at the end of the novel. This article argues that the condition of the characters is ironic in that they lose in the North the human qualities they brought with them from the South. The purpose of this study is not so much to break new ground but rather to promote a productive reading of Attaway and give him the place he deserves in African American literature. Often assimilated to «urban realism» of the 1940s, William Attaway’s Blood on the Forge resists such a classification. Unlike the violent modes of protest literature wherein the individual confronts headlong the white racist system, Attaway uses irony to subvert the racist determination of African American subjectivity. The novel dramatizes the trauma of racism and segregation with which the Moss brothers are confronted. In their attempt to escape from the sharecropping system and its economic and racial oppression, Attaway’s protagonists leave rural Kentucky (South) for the steel mill town in the North. Instead of the better future such a move might imply, Attaway’s characters suffer and they are either crippled or killed at the end of the novel. This article argues that the condition of the characters is ironic in that they lose in the North the human qualities they brought with them from the South. The purpose of this study is not so much to break new ground but rather to promote a productive reading of Attaway and give him the place he deserves in African American literature. 
The Impact of Financial Development on Economic Growth as Countries Develop Financially and Economically: WAEMU Countries Case
Get PDFWe analyse financial development’s impact on real gross domestic product per capita in seven West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries from 1970 to 2014. We assume that income and financial development process converge to USA, France and Japan’s levels respectively. An analysis of the unit root and cointegration tests revealed non-stationary and cointegrated series. Estimates are based on the Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression method (DSUR). Our study shows that, (i) the effect of financial development on real per capita GDP improves in WAEMU countries as the latter converge financially to their respective levels in USA, France and Japan; (ii) the effect of financial development on real GDP per capita decreases in the WAEMU countries as they grow economically to reach USA, France and Japan’s income levels; (iii) the degree of the effect of financial development on real per capita GDP in the case of financial systems is stronger than that of the convergence of income
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