1,721,135 research outputs found
Pulmonary complications in patients with hematological disorders: Pathobiological bases and practical approach
No full textPulmonary complications occur in up to 40 to 60% of patients with hematological disorders during the disease course and considerably influence morbidity and mortality. The main factors making the lung a clinically significant targeted organ in these patients may be summarized as follows. In the lung parenchyma a variety of inflammatory cells whose precursors are in the bone marrow pass through, park in, proliferate, and release microbicidal and cytohistotoxic substances. Constitutive parenchymal lung cells (bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, "interstitial" cells) may be a distinctive target for toxic substances or may have an important part in the inflammatory/reactive and reparative processes after an injury event. Pathogenic agents are allowed to reach the lung very easily through either or both the airways and the vascular bed and accumulate there in large amounts. Inflammatory/immunologic reactions may be particularly weak or, on the contrary strong, in the lungs either spontaneously or due to toxic action of drugs and radiation or to the immunodeficiency induced by hematological disorders, and finally to the presence of immunomodulatory viruses. The distinctive anatomical structure and function of the lung parenchyma (interactions between air spaces and capillary bed-gas exchange units) may render localized parenchymal damage clinically relevant. Allogeneic reactions may be overexpressed in the lung or the kinetics of the developing of graft versus host disease (GVHD)-related lung injury may be markedly different from the kinetics of GVHD in other organs. Hematological disorders may harbor in lung parenchymal structures at the onset (i.e., lympho-/myeloproliferative disorders primary in the lung) or during the disease course. Genetic predisposition, although probably involved, is not yet well understood. This article reviews the pathobiological bases of lung injury occurring in subjects with hematological disorders and suggests a practical diagnostic approach to these pulmonary complications
Clinical guidelines and indications for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL): extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
No full textClinical presentation, outcome and risk factors of late-onset non-infectious pulmonary complication after allogeneic transplantation
No full textThe term late-onset non-infectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs) has been used to refer to events occurring later than 3 months after allogeneic hematopoietic stem transplant (HSCT), such as bronchiolitis obliterans, bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, and lymphocytic or idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. The incidence of LONIPCs varies widely, ranging between 10% and 26%. Median time for LONIPC development is about 8-12 months after HSCT. Clinical symptoms may be insidious and non specific at the beginning and can be present in different types of infections. The diagnosis is made on the basis of thoracic high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests (PFT). It usually requires that standard cultures for infective agents on bronchoalveolar lavage are negative and is confirmed by transbronchial or lung biopsy, whenever possible. Total body irradiation and high doses of drugs used in the conditioning regimens , HLA disparity between donor and recipient, and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are the main risk factors for LONIPCs. Since patients with LONIPCs have an increased risk of mortality because of infections or respiratory failure, pre- and post-transplant PFTs are strongly recommended in order to timely identify affected patients. The administration of antithymocyte globulin before unrelated donor transplants and slow taper of cyclosporine after transplant have been shown to prevent chronic GVHD and, therefore, the occurrence of LONIPC
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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