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    Chemical and isotopic compositions of the shallow groundwater system of Vulcano Island, Aeolian Archipelago, Italy: an update

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    Cold and thermal waters were sampled on Vulcano Island from shallow wells in June 1995, June 1996 and January-February 1997; additional samples refer to a thermal spring, meteoric water from domestic cisterns and local seawater. The chemical and isotopic (hydrogen, oxygen, tritium and strontium in water, and sulfur and oxygen in sulfate ions) compositions measured in the samples showed that: 1) the shallow hydrothermal system is formed by the mixing of waters of meteoric origin and various ages with crater-type fumarolic steam and gases (phreato-volcanic waters), with water rising from the geothermal reservoir expected to exist at depth (sulfate-chloride waters), and with steam and gases released from the geothermal reservoir itself (steam-heated waters); 2) a major seawater contribution occurs only in water from a well exploited in the Togo-Togo Camping, that is located very close to the shoreline; 3) dissolved sulfate mostly derives from oxidation of fumarolic/magmatic sulfur species, with minor sporadic contributions from seawater or from dissolution of secondary anhydrite; and 4) major changes in the chemical and isotopic compositions of the bulk groundwater system were not observed during the study period, and the appreciable variations in waters from few wells may be interpreted as due to changes in the mixing proportions of the endmembers or to direct rainwater dilution. Based on the present study and previous ones from literature, an updated geochemical model is proposed for the groundwaters system at Vulcano and its relations with the crater and beach fumarolic fluids

    New chemical and isotopic data on the groundwater system of Bagno di Romagna, northern Apennines, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

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    Acque termali sorgive e di pozzo della stabilimento balneoterapico di S, Agnese a Bagno di Romagna e la vicina sorgente fredda di Chiardovo sono state ripetutamente campionate ed analizzate per i componenti chimici maggiori e per la composizione degli isotopi stabili e del tritio. I principali risultati relativamente aile acque termali di S. Agnese sono: (i) i cationi in soluzione sono in parziale equilibrio con Ie rocce, (ii) la temperatura del serbatoio geotermico dovrebbe approssimare i 130°C, corrispondente ad una profondita di circa 3.5 km, (iii) la quota di ricarica del circuito idrotermaIe stimata dai valori di composizione isotopica dell'ossigeno edi 1050 m s.l.m., e (iv) il contenuto in tritio si accorda con un'eta submoderna dell'acqua. La sorgente di Chiardovo e alimentata da acque relativamente superficiali, Ie quali si mescolano con una componente profonda prima dell'emergenza.The thermal spring and well exploited within the S. Agnese spa of Bagno di Romagna and the nearby cold Chiardovo spring were repeatedly sampled and analyzed for major ions and stable and radioactive isotopes ofwater. Main results for the S. Agnese thermal waters are: (i) cations in solution are in partial chemical equilibrium with host rocks, (ii) K/Na geothermometry provides a temperature estimate of about 130°C for the geothermal reservoir, corresponding to about 3.5 km depth, (iii) a mean recharge altitude around to 1050 m a.s.l. for the hydrothermal circuit is estimated from oxygen isotopes, and (iv) a submodem age is supported by the tritium content. The Chiardovo spring appears to be fed by shallow water, that mixes with rising deep water before emerging
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