1,721,005 research outputs found
International Migration and the (Un)happiness Push: Evidence from Polish Longitudinal Data
Full text linkThis article analyzes the impact of (un)happiness on the international migration decision. It uses a rich longitudinal household-level database, the Polish Social Diagnosis, to identify migration intentions, as well as subsequent actual migration, allowing us to overcome the issue of reverse causality present in previous studies of the nexus between happiness and migration. In addition, we assess the role of individual and household levels of happiness on migration behaviors and find that unhappy individuals from unhappy households are significantly more likely to declare their intentions to migrate abroad. In terms of actual migration, however, the unhappiness push significantly affects the odds of international migration only for selected subgroups, such as women and employed individuals. For other individuals, the unhappiness-induced migration plans remain mostly unrealized. Our article shows that push and pull factors, including happiness, might exert heterogenous effects on migration intentions and actual realizations. As a consequence, migration scholars should be careful when drawing conclusions on the determinants of actual migration behaviors by looking at determinants of migration intentions
Immigrants' demand for informal and formal education: Evidence from US time use data
No full textThis paper contributes to the migration literature studying the time devoted to educational activities. It uses US time-diary surveys to study the allocation of time to informal as well as formal learning and educational activities by immigrants and natives. We develop a simple theoretical framework, which highlights the different constraints/opportunity costs faced by immigrants as compared with natives. Consistently with our theoretical model, the estimates show that immigrants are more likely to engage in informal and formal education and conditional on participation, they allocate more time to these activities. We find that the main drivers are economic incentives, mostly in the early phase of working life, and that the differences between natives and immigrants persist across generations. We also find that differences between immigrants and natives are generally larger in informal education than in formal education. The investment in informal and formal learning and educational activities is likely to boost immigrants' human and social capital and contribute to their socio-economic integration
Distance from diasporas and immigrants’ location choice: evidence from Italy
No full textDiasporas play a fundamental role in explaining the location choice of new immigrants. We investigate the spatial dimension of diaspora externalities focusing on immigrants in Italian local labour market areas (LLMAs). We show that the net pull effect of diasporas spills over an estimated average distance of 82 km. We find evidence of negative spatial spillovers at greater geographical distances, suggesting a competition effect from neighbouring diasporas. Ethnic-specific labour markets and ethnic consumption externalities are important channels through which the distance–decay effects of diasporas take place. We also find that the spatial effects of diasporas are highly heterogeneous across gender and origin countries
Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events and Human Mobility.
No full textReport Progetto CIRCE - Climate Change and Impact Research: the Mediterranean Environmen
Sharing and cooperation in an experiment with heterogeneous groups
Full text linkWe investigate the impact of inequality on sharing and cooperation using a dictator game and a linear public good game where some participants work for their endowment (“workers”) while others do not (“non-workers”). Moreover, we differentiate between two types of inequality, namely in source and in level. In contrast to most studies, participants are fully informed about the endowment of the other players. The key finding of our paper is that both sharing and cooperation critically depend on the source of the endowment. In particular, workers are more likely to share with other workers than with non-workers and more inclined to contribute to the public good when grouped with other workers rather than when grouped with non-workers. Considering also the choices made by non-workers, we argue that the worker premium in sharing and cooperation is based on fairness considerations rather than an in-group bias. Adding inequality in the level of endowment reduces the importance of the source of endowment as driver of behavior. This also suggests that reducing one layer of inequality may not improve cooperative behavior in society significantly, implying that a big-push policy tackling many dimensions of inequality at the same time may be required
Povertà e mercato del lavoro nella provincia di Bari: dinamiche generali e distribuzione delle retribuzioni da lavoro dipendente nel settore privato
No full textOn the evolution of comparative advantage: Path-dependent versus path-defying changes
No full textA country's specialization evolves over time in a dynamic process, with shifts in comparative advantages, resulting in new products being added to the country's export basket. According to the renowned Product Space (PS) framework (Hausmann and Klinger, 2007; Hidalgo et al., 2007), this dynamic process is characterized by strong path dependence, as a country's current production capabilities (technologies, production factors, institutions, etc.) determine what a country produces today, but also limits what it can produce tomorrow. We use a novel methodology to explore whether the patterns of specialization of a large sample of countries for the period 1995–2015 correspond to the predictions of the PS framework. Despite finding evidence of path dependence, our analysis also finds that a significant number of new products later added to countries’ export baskets were unrelated to their initial specialization pattern. We shed light on the determinants of these path-dependent changes in countries’ export baskets and show that economic growth is weaker in countries with a higher degree of path dependence
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