1,721,005 research outputs found
The side effect of pension reforms on the training of older workers. Evidence from Italy
No full textDue to pension reforms, minimum retirement age in Italy increased substantially above age 50 between the second part of the 1990s and the early 2000s. We evaluate whether these reforms affected training participation by private sector employees aged 40–54, who entered their fifties during the relevant years. We find evidence of a sizeable effect: our estimates suggest a 9% increase in training incidence following a one-year increase in minimum retirement age. We also show that, while policies that increase the residual working horizon are effective in increasing training participation by senior workers in their forties and early fifties, traditional training policies that aim at reducing training costs by providing subsidies are ineffectiv
Social Costs of Gambling Harm in Italy
Full text linkThe aim of this study is to provide an estimate of the social costs of gambling in Italy. In line with other research on social costs, the present study estimates the consequences of gambling harm on public finances, focusing on the estimated costs to treat high-risk gamblers, costs associated with productivity losses, costs of unemployment, personal and family costs, crime and legal costs. We used two different approaches to calculate these costs. The first approach, used for health care costs, consists of using the lump sum spent to prevent the harm caused to high-risk gamblers. The second approach involves estimating the number of high-risk gamblers causing the cost, which is then multiplied with the average unit cost per person. Our estimates of the annual social costs of gambling in Italy – more than EUR 2.3 billion – demonstrate a substantial economic burden to society. However, the costs are a substantial underestimate, as they are limited to those of a public nature and do not take into consideration those costs borne by moderate and low-risk gamblers, as well as affected others
Training subsidies and the wage returns to continuing vocational training
No full textWe use the regional and time variation of training grants in Italy to identify the causal effect of (formal continuing vocational) training on earnings. We estimate log-linear earnings regressions with constant marginal returns to training and find that one additional week of training increases monthly net earnings by 1.36%, substantially less than the 3% or more often found in the literature. Estimated returns vary significantly by firm size, and range from 0.40% in firms with more than 100 employees to 2.51% in smaller firms, the bulk of the Italian private sector. A simple back of the envelope comparison of the marginal costs and benefits of training policy suggests that the latter are higher than the former
Training subsidies and the wage returns to continuing vocational training : Evidence from Italian regions
No full textWe use the regional and time variation of training grants in Italy to identify the causal effect of (formal continuing vocational) training on earnings. We estimate log-linear earnings regressions with constant marginal returns to training and find that one additional week of training increases monthly net earnings by 1.36%, substantially less than the 3% or more often found in the literature. Estimated returns vary significantly by firm size, and range from 0.40% in firms with more than 100 employees to 2.51% in smaller firms, the bulk of the Italian private sector. A simple back of the envelope comparison of the marginal costs and benefits of training policy suggests that the latter are higher than the former
Lavori in corso. Tra formazione e occupazione
No full textL’analisi dei dati raccolti con questionario somministrato a laureati in servizio sociale in 24 atenei italiani tra gli anni 2006 e 2012, considera in particolare gli aspetti relativi al rapporto tra l’esperienza formativa nei corsi di laurea e laurea magistrale e le attività di lavoro retribuito , svolte dagli intervistati sia durante il periodo di studi universitari che successivamente.
Si sono evidenziate nei laureati in servizio sociale prevalenze di genere (femminile), di ceto (medio-basso), di vocazione professionale (lavoro relazionale e sociale) considerate la caratteristiche della popolazione analizzata in relazione alla famiglia d’origine, alla pregressa formazione scolastica, al tempo di completamento della carriera di studi, alle performance di studio, alle preferenze manifestate per le diverse discipline e per le competenze acquisite, all’applicazione delle competenze in campo lavorativo. Si è giunti, inoltre, a stilizzare le tre seguenti etichette tipizzanti la parte prevalente degli intervistati: “umanistici non speculativi”, “presto attivi a paghe basse”, “proiettati al lavoro con le persone, da organizzazioni a conduzione altrui”. Si evidenzia in fine una maggiore focalizzazione dei laureati verso il lavoro professionale con le singole persone e con i gruppi, differendo nella gran parte dei casi alla formazione universitaria magistrale l’approfondimento delle competenze più specificamente gestionali e di progettazione sociale
Is it the way they use it? Teachers, ICT and student achievement
No full textWe provide evidence on whether ICT-related teaching practices affect student achievement. We use a unique student-teacher dataset containing variables on a wide set of very specific uses of computer and ICT by teachers matched with data on national standardized tests for 10th grade students. Our identification strategy relies on a within-student between-subject estimator and on a rich set of teacher's controls. We find that computer-based teaching methods increase student performance when they increase students’ awareness in ICT use and when they enhance communication. Instead, we find a negative impact of practices requiring an active role of the students in classes using ICT. Our findings suggest that the effectiveness of ICT at school depends on the actual practice that teachers make of it and on their ability to integrate ICT into their teaching process
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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