20 research outputs found
O’odham Irrigated Agriculture Response to Colonization on the Middle Gila River, Southern Arizona
No full textMovement, connectivity, and landscape change in the ancient Southwest: the 20th anniversary Southwest Symposium
No full textEdited by Margarte C. Nelson and Colleen StrawhackerIncludes bibliographical references and index.pt. 1. Past and present issues -- pt. 2. Landscape use and ecological change -- pt. 3. Movement and ethnogenesis -- pt. 4. Connectivity and scale
Sustaining Irrigation Agriculture for the Long-Term: Lessons on Maintaining Soil Quality from Ancient Agricultural Fields in the Phoenix Basin and on the North Coast of Peru
No full textabstract: Irrigation agriculture has been heralded as the solution to feeding the world's growing population. To this end, irrigation agriculture is both extensifying and intensifying in arid regions across the world in an effort to create highly productive agricultural systems. Over one third of modern irrigated fields, however, show signs of serious soil degradation, including salinization and waterlogging, which threaten the productivity of these fields and the world's food supply. Surprisingly, little ecological data on agricultural soils have been collected to understand and address these problems. How, then, can expanding and intensifying modern irrigation systems remain agriculturally productive for the long-term? Archaeological case studies can provide critical insight into how irrigated agricultural systems may be sustainable for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. Irrigation systems in Mesopotamia, for example, have been cited consistently as a cautionary tale of the relationship between mismanaged irrigation systems and the collapse of civilizations, but little data expressly link how and why irrigation failed in the past. This dissertation presents much needed ecological data from two different regions of the world - the Phoenix Basin in southern Arizona and the Pampa de Chaparrí on the north coast of Peru - to explore how agricultural soils were affected by long-term irrigation in a variety of social and economic contexts, including the longevity and intensification of irrigation agriculture. Data from soils in prehispanic and historic agricultural fields indicate that despite long-lived and intensive irrigation farming, farmers in both regions created strategies to sustain large populations with irrigation agriculture for hundreds of years. In the Phoenix Basin, Hohokam and O'odham farmers relied on sedimentation from irrigation water to add necessary fine sediments and nutrients to otherwise poor desert soils. Similarly, on the Pampa, farmers relied on sedimentation in localized contexts, but also constructed fields with ridges and furrows to draw detrimental salts away from planting surfaces in the furrows on onto the ridges. These case studies are then compared to failing modern and ancient irrigated systems across the world to understand how the centralization of management may affect the long-term sustainability of irrigation agriculture.Dissertation/ThesisPh.D. Anthropology 201
The Influence of Diverse Values, Ecological Structure, and Geographic Context on Residents’ Multifaceted Landscaping Decisions
No full textHohokam Canal Irrigation and the Formation of Irragric Anthrosols in the Middle Gila River Valley, Arizona, USA
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New Mexico and the Pimería Alta: the colonial period in the American Southwest
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.Focusing on two areas of the Southwest that witnessed intensive and sustained colonial encounters and compares how different forms of colonialism and indigenous political economies structured the outcomes of those encounters. A holistic approach studying both colonist and indigenous perspectives through archaeological, ethnohistoric, historic, and landscape data.--Provided by publisher.Spanish colonists and Native Americans in the American Southwest: conceptualizations and comparisons / John G. Douglass and William M. Graves -- "The peace that was granted had not been kept": Coronado in the Tiguex Province, 1540-1542 / Matthew Schmader -- Meeting in places: seventeenth-century Puebloan and Spanish landscapes / Phillip O. Leckman -- Hopi weaving and the colonial encounter: a study of persistence through change / Laurie D. Webster -- The Pueblo world transformed: alliances, factionalism, and animosities in the Northern Rio Grande, 1680-1700 / Matthew Liebmann, Robert Preucel, and Joseph Aguilar -- Comanche New Mexico: the eighteenth century / Severin Fowles, Jimmy Arterberry, Lindsay Montgomery and Heather Atherton -- Aquí me quedo: vecino origins and the settlement archaeology of the Rio del Oso grant, New Mexico / J. Andrew Darling and B. Sunday Eiselt -- Becoming vecinos: civic identities in late colonial New Mexico / Kelly L. Jenks -- Moquis, Kastiilam, and the trauma of history: Hopi oral traditions of seventeenth-century Franciscan missionary abuses / Thomas E. Sheridan and Stewart B. Koyiyumptewa -- Population dynamics in the Pimería Alta, a.d. 1650/1750 / Lauren Jelinek and Dale Brenneman -- Missions, livestock, and economic transformations in the Pimería Alta / Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman -- Life in Tucson, on the northern frontier of the Pimería Alta / J. Homer Thiel -- O'odham irrigated agriculture response to colonization on the middle Gila River, Southern Arizona / Colleen Strawhacker -- The archaeology of colonialism in the American Southwest and Alta California: some observations and comments / Kent G. Lightfoot -- Materiality matters: colonial transformations spanning the southwestern and southeastern borderlands / David Hurst Thomas
Building cyberinfrastructure from the ground up for the North Atlantic Biocultural Organization introducing the cyberNABO Project
No full textThe cyberNABO Project is designed to solidify a developing multidisciplinary community through the development of cyberinfrastructure (CI) to study the long-term human ecodynamics of North Atlantic, a region that is especially vulnerable to ongoing climate and environmental change. It builds build upon prior sustained field and laboratory research, rich and diverse datasets, and a strong involvement by local communities and institutions. cyberNABO is currently hosting a series of workshops aimed at taking these collaborators and stakeholder communities to a new level of integration and to develop capacity for building CI and visualizations in subsequent funding cycles. Research on the long-term sustainability in the Arctic requires compiling data from over thousands of square miles, hundreds of years, and multiple disciplines, from climatology to archaeology to folklore. The complexity of datasets of this scale presents a unique challenge to create a CI system that results in interoperability and accessibility of data – a task that needs an explicit plan and extensive expertise from a variety of fields. Investing in a comprehensive CI system provides the opportunity to integrate collaborators and data from the natural sciences, social sciences, and the humanities, thus providing the opportunity for a holistic approach to long-term human ecodynamics in the context of rapid social and environmental change and for the creation of digital tools for expanded northern community involvement in global change research. In order to address questions of this scale, however, this collaborative group needs to integrate multiple sources, types, and formats of data to address multidisciplinary questions and provide effective support for visualization and modeling efforts that can connect knowledge systems.</p
Building Cyberinfrastructure from the Ground Up for the North Atlantic Biocultural Organization – Introducing the cyberNABO Project IEEE
No full textBuilding Cyberinfrastructure from the Ground Up for the North Atlantic Biocultural Organization – Introducing the cyberNABO Project IEEE
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