1,721,409 research outputs found
Ideology and culture
Full text linkThis chapter evaluates the role of culture and ideology in relation to journalism. Journalists cannot ignore that they are not operating in a vacuum, immune to environmental influences. A “western” (or any ideological) approach to journalism is not a neutral norm to which others need to adhere. Journalists can keep themselves and each other in check by questioning the approach taken to a story and identifying the lens they employ. Secondly, diverse recruitment within media organisations is key, not just in terms of ethnic, gender or national backgrounds but also in terms of value profiles. There is no one Nation which holds the gold standard for journalism and can be used as a reference point for all others. In other words, there is no such thing as Greenwich Mean Time journalism
Promoting pro-environmental behaviour through augmented reality and persuasive informational power: A pilot study
Full text linkThis pilot study examined the idea that use of a mobile technology can have positive consequences for both individual users and, indirectly, society. The augmented reality (AR) application used here is defined as a persuasive technology because it is intended to modify users' attitudes or behaviours. The application was designed for personal use although it can generate indirect benefits for users' communities as well as for users themselves. The application was tested on a small sample in a controlled setting in order to observe how it was used and to evaluate its efficacy as a source of information and tool for persuasion. The results showed that opinions of the AR device were generally positive; moreover, participants admitted that it improved their awareness of environmental issues. The strengths of this research are that it shows how the use of persuasive technologies can have collective benefits and demonstrates their informational power
From Nonlinear Integrated Optics to Microresonator Frequency Combs
No full textPerhaps one of the most spectacular current applications of nonlinear integrated optics, a field
which was pioneered by George Stegeman more than thirty years ago [1], is that of nonlinear
microresonator based optical frequency comb light sources. Optical frequency comb sources are
characterized by a spectrum comprising many equally spaced components [2], and have a wide
range of scientific and technological applications. Although commercial comb generators are based
on mode-locked lasers and fiber supercontinuum generation, nonlinear integrated optics provides a
low-cost and chip-scale alternative, based on a low-power cw laser coupled into a high-Q
microresonator [3]. So far microresonator frequency combs have exploited the third order “Kerr”
nonlinearity, which permits to generate successive comb lines with a spacing equal to the resonator
free-spectral range via cascaded four-wave mixing [4-5]. Modeling of microresonator frequency
combs can be greatly simplified by a single partial differential equation approach [4-6], analogous
to the case of other coherently driven Kerr spatially diffractive [7] or temporally dispersive [8-9]
nonlinear cavities. In order to lower the threshold power and extend the spectral range of frequency
comb generation, for example into the visible or mid-infrared, while still using near-infrared cw
laser pumps, quadratic nonlinear cavities can be exploited [10]. These quadratic microresonator
frequency comb sources operate close to the phase-matching condition for the underlying quadratic
processes, and not in the cascading regime that reduces the dynamics to the Kerr case [11]. Quite
remarkably, a single time domain partial differential equation with an effective delayed third-order
nonlinearity was derived to describe with excellent accuracy the dynamics of quadratic frequency
comb generation [12-13]. In situations where multiple processes are present, and the frequency
combs generated around the interacting waves over multiple octaves overlap, we carried out
numerical modeling based on a single envelope equation approach [14].
References
[1] G.I. Stegeman, E.M. Wright, N. Finlayson, R. Zanoni, and C.T. Seaton, J. Lightwave Technology 6, 953 (1988).
[2] T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, and T. W. Hänsch, Nature 416, 233 (2002).
[3] P. Del’Haye, A. Schliesser, O. Arcizet, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth, and T. J. Kippenberg, Nature 450, 1214 (2007).
[4] S. Coen, H. G. Randle, T. Sylvestre, and M. Erkintalo, Opt. Lett. 38, 37 (2013).
[5] T. Hansson, D. Modotto, and S. Wabnitz, Phys. Rev. A 88, 023819 (2013).
[6] T. Hansson, D. Modotto, and S.Wabnitz, Opt. Comm. 312, 134 (2014).
[7] L. A. Lugiato and R. Lefever, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2209 (1987).
[8] M. Haelterman, S. Trillo, and S. Wabnitz, Opt. Commun. 91, 401 (1992).
[9] F. Leo, S. Coen, P. Kockaert, S.-P. Gorza, P. Emplit, and M. Haelterman, Nature Photon. 4, 471 (2010).
[10] I. Ricciardi, S. Mosca, M. Parisi, P. Maddaloni, L. Santamaria, P. De Natale, and M. De Rosa, Phys. Rev. A 91,
063839 (2015).
[11] G. I. Stegeman, D. J. Hagan, and L. Torner, Optical and Quantum Electronics 28, 1691 (1996).
[12] F. Leo, T. Hansson, I. Ricciardi, M. De Rosa, S. Coen, S. Wabnitz, and M. Erkintalo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 033901
(2016).
[13] F. Leo, T. Hansson, I. Ricciardi, M. De Rosa, S. Coen, S. Wabnitz, and M. Erkintalo, Phys. Rev. A 93 (2016).
[14] T. Hansson, F. Leo, M. Erkintalo, J. Anthony, S. Coen, I. Ricciardi, M. De Rosa, and S. Wabnitz, J. Opt. Soc. Am.
B 33, 1207 (2016)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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