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A Review and Evaluation of Suzuki and Kormos’ Investigation into the Link between Cognitive and Utterance Fluency: The Multidimensionality of Second Language Oral Fluency
Get PDF本稿では，日本人英語第二言語学習者128名を対象に，流暢性の多次元性を検討したSuzuki & Kormos (2022) の研究成果を紹介する。本研究では，「スピーキング課題デザイン」を用いて，認知的流暢性（CF）と発話流暢性（UF）の関係を明らかにし，どの言語的側面がCF とUF に最も大きく寄与しているかをより明確にすることを意図している。
彼らは，4つの異なるスピーキング課題（i. 論証，ii. 絵物語，iii. 読み聞かせ，iv. 読み聞かせ）と，幅広い言語知識と流暢さの測定（i. 語彙量，ii. 語彙検索速度，iii. 文構成能力，iv. 文法性判断，v.調音速度）を用いてこの分析を行っている。Suzuki & Kormos (2022) は，構造方程式モデリング（SEM）を用いて，「CF とUF の多次元性と発話課題のタイプとの間の複雑な相互作用」を明らかにした。UF に対する処理速度の寄与は発話課題によらず一貫していることがわかったが，速度と修復流暢性については課題間で有意なばらつきが見られた。
本総説では，まず，Suzuki & Kormos (2022) の研究概要を簡単に説明し，次に重要な知見を概説する。次に，この研究の最も強固な結果について考察し，その後，研究の弱い側面について解説を行う。最後に，流暢性研究の広い分野でのこのような研究の役割について短い議論を行い，この研究がどのように改善され得るかについての提案を行い，この研究の様々な教育的含意を提示することで終わる。With this article, I investigate a 2022 study by Suzuki and Kormos that explores the multidimensionality of oral fluency among a group of 128 Japanese second-language learners of English. This study intends to use “speaking task design” to elucidate the relationships between cognitive fluency (CF) and utterance fluency (UF), and more clearly delineate which linguistic aspects contribute most significantly to CF and UF.
Suzuki and Kormos undertake this analysis by employing four different speaking tasks (argumentative, picture narrative, reading-to-speaking, reading-while-listening-to-speaking) and a broad range of linguistic knowledge and fluency measures (vocabulary size, lexical retrieval speed, sentence construction skills, grammaticality judgments, articulatory speed). Through their use of structural equation modeling (SEM), Suzuki and Kormos’ main finding highlights the “complex interplay between the multidimensionality of CF and UF and speaking task types.” Although the contribution of processing speed for UF was found to be consistent regardless of speaking task, significant variation across tasks was found for speed and repair fluency.
This review article begins with a short overview of the Suzuki and Kormos (2022) study, followed by an outline of the critical findings. Consideration is then given to the study’s most robust results, followed by commentary on the weaker aspects of the research. I then close with a short discussion on the role of such a study within the broader field of fluency research and suggestions on how this study may be improved upon, and present various pedagogical implications of the research
日本と韓国の看護英語課程推進に関する内省的分析
Get PDF本論文は日本と韓国の看護英語課程教育とその推進に関して概観及び内省的分析を行い，その結果と考察について検討したものである。本研究はカナダの2つの課程（韓国人の学士看護学生が所属）と日本の6つの課程（日本人の学士看護学生が所属）を含めている。また，保健医療における英語の更なる必要性に関する文献について述べている。さらにニーズ分析に関して，8つの看護英語課程，看護課程関係者を含む状況，コースデザインとその改善及び評価について検討している。その後全体的な結果，考察，その分析から明らかになった傾向について述べ，最後に将来の看護課程に向けた提言を行うとともに，本研究の限界と全体的結論を述べている。This paper is an overview and reflective analysis on developing and teaching nursing English courses in Japan and Korea, examining the outcomes and implications for such courses. The study includes two courses in Canada (Korean undergraduate nursing students) and six in Japan (Japanese undergraduate nursing students). The paper opens with a short background on the growing need for English in healthcare, followed by a literature review that identifies some of the specific reasons for English in nursing education. It then examines the eight nursing English courses in terms of needs analysis, context/situation including stakeholders, course design and development, and assessment. The paper then looks at the overall outcomes, implications and trends emerging from the analysis, and ends with a discussion about recommendations for future courses, limitations of the current study and overall conclusions about the courses.
Whether as tourists, workers, or immigrants the movement of people around the globe continues to grow. As these individuals travel from country to country they also bring with them their associated healthcare needs. Thus, in order to properly treat these people, the demand for English speaking healthcare workers continues to grow, regardless of country, and Japan is no exception. With this in mind, many Asian university nursing faculties are attempting to meet these English needs through innovative programs that include an important English component that links to nursing skills themselves. The following analysis is based on several such courses
Academic & Scientific Writing: The Contents of a Research Paper
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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