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Letter: Clifton M. Nichols to Ida M. Tarbell, February 3, 1894
No full textHandwritten letter. 4 page
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Fatigue reduces tonic accommodation
No full textOcular accommodation adopts a mean baseline response level of approximately 1.0 D in the absence of blur feedback (open-loop state). This baseline or tonic accommodation (TA) can be elevated following a sustained monocular accommodative response to a dioptric stimulus (lens adaptation) that exceeds the baseline open-loop level of TA. The accommodative response to the lens persists in the open-loop state (accommodative hysteresis), and eventually decays to a stable end-point. Interestingly, if the baseline TA is high, the monocularly adapted accommodative state can decay to an end-point that is below the initial pre-adapted baseline level of the TA (counter-adaptive response) (McBrien, N.A. and Millodot, M., (1988). Differences in adaptation of TA with refractive state. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 29, 460–469).We have investigated the possible contribution of accommodation fatigue to the counter-adaptive change in baseline TA following sustained accommodation. Two fatigue procedures were used while viewing a target at 66 or 33 cm. In a monocular condition, accommodation was stimulated for 3 min with lens values alternating from ?1.5 to +1.5 D at a rate of 0.25 Hz. In the binocular condition, convergence was stimulated with alternating prism values from 9 prism diopters (PD) base-out to 9 PD base-in. Both monocular and binocular tasks resulted in a significant reduction of TA.These results suggest that previously reported reductions of baseline TA following sustained monocular accommodation or binocular convergence could have resulted from fatigue of the accommodative system. Accommodative fatigue could be responsible for the lower values of TA observed in counter-adaptive responses to sustained accommodative or convergence effort
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Plan of the intended town of Australind on Leschenault Inlet, Western Australia [cartographic material] /
No full textAustralind is located 11 km north of Bunbury and 163 km south of Perth and is part of one of the fastest growing areas in Western Australia. Although now effectively a suburb of the ever-expanding Bunbury (although it is actually in the Shire of Harvey), Australind was the site of an unusual and ambitious land scheme during the 1840s. In 1840-41, only a little over a decade after the establishment of the Swan River colony, the newly formed Western Australian Land Company purchased land in the area and surveyed a town site which they named as a kind of bizarre combination of Australia and India. There was already a horse breeding station in the area and it was hoped that the horse trade would be the beginning of a continuing trade relationship between Australind and India. The first settlers arrived in 1841 and by the following year over 440 immigrants had settled in the area Marshall Walter Clifton was appointed Chief Commissioner. The plan was to divide a huge land grant of over 40 000 ha into small farming lots of 40 ha and establish an English style village in the centre of this project. The philosophy behind the plan was similar to that of Edward Gibbon Wakefield who had developed the notion of settlements for ordinary citizens to ease the burden of poverty which characterised so much of English society at this time. In the case of Western Australia the settlement had the added bonus of providing the infant colony with a much needed labour force. The settlement was short-lived and had been abandoned by 1843. The problems (they are the problems of the whole of the west coast) were a combination of poor sandy soils, no water in summer and too much rain in winter.; In bottom right corner: Standidge & Co. Litho. 77 Cornhill, London.; Town plan of Australind.; Some areas are possibly hand or water coloured.; Tooley, 291.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-t291; National Library's copy at RM 1184 includes a photocopy of a public announcement of the land release of the town of Australind issued by the Western Australian Company in London on January 4, 1843 and entitled: Settlement of Australind in Western Australia, under the Western Australian Company, Office 33, Old Broad Street, London
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