458 research outputs found
Suivi-évaluation des parcours
No full textLes 6 pays du PRAPS ont une expérience de l'évaluation des ressources pastorales sur le terrain. Cependant, même ceux qui ont un système national de suivi rencontrent des difficultés financières, techniques et de personnel à le maintenir. - Les méthodes du suivi-évaluation des ressources pastorales sur le terrain doivent tenir compte de la très forte dynamique saisonnière et interannuelle des quantités et qualités de ressources, associée à une forte hétérogénéité spatiale multi-échelle. - Les 6 pays du PRAPS ont une expérience de l'évaluation des ressources pastorales par télédétection. Ils sont néanmoins inégalement équipés pour la réception et le traitement des données d'observation satellite. Tous bénéficient des services et des produits fournis par le Centre Régional AGRHYMET (CRA) du CILSS et d'autres produits largement distribués par le FEWS et des ONG comme Action Contre la Faim (ACF). Cependant, les produits pastoraux restent peu utilisés par les services techniques malgré les efforts de diffusion rapide. Des efforts restent à fournir pour mieux cerner les besoins d'information des acteurs et organiser leur participation à l'élaboration des outils de suivi. - De nombreux efforts de recherche, ainsi que de nouvelles données d'observation satellite ont fait récemment progresser la pertinence des produits de télédétection, l'estimation des productions végétales, herbacées et ligneuses, celle des masses de paille, des eaux de surface sont de plus en plus résolues et robustes. - Une information précise sur la distribution spatiale et temporelle du bétail reste un point faible des systèmes d'alerte précoce pastoraux. Des progrès pourraient être obtenus en valorisant les informations disponibles localement auprès des acteurs à l'aide de réseaux de télécommunication (Expérience ACF au Mali et Niger)
A umbanda e a glocalização
No full textThis paper interrogates a particular globalizing academic move: the appropriation of Afro-Brazilian religion by the academic study of religion in North America as a paradigmatic form of cultural mixture. Specifically, I ask what difference would it make if Umbanda were the key example of Brazilian cultural hybridity, rather than Candomblé serving as a more universal example of religious syncretism. I elaborate the concept of hybridity of refraction, according to which the ritual and doctrinal spectrum of Umbandas refracts the spectrum of social tensions in Brazilian society. Referring to recent theories of globalization, I argue that Umbanda’s internal variation manifests a variety of strategic appropriations by its practitioners of national and transnational concepts. This view reaffirms the contextualized autonomy of these religious agents, and it leads us to emphasize national aspects of religious glocalization, rather than transnational aspects of religious globalization
TSE-NER: An Iterative Approach for Long-Tail Entity Extraction in Scientific Publications
No full textNamed Entity Recognition and Typing (NER/NET) is a challenging task, especially with long-tail entities such as the ones found in scientific publications. These entities (e.g. “WebKB”, “StatSnowball”) are rare, often relevant only in specific knowledge domains, yet important for retrieval and exploration purposes. State-of-the-art NER approaches employ supervised machine learning models, trained on expensive typelabeled data laboriously produced by human annotators. A common workaround is the generation of labeled training data from knowledge bases; this approach is not suitable for long-tail entity types that are, by definition, scarcely represented in KBs.This paper presents an iterative approach for training NER and NETclassifiers in scientific publications that relies on minimal human input,namely a small seed set of instances for the targeted entity type. Weintroduce different strategies for training data extraction, semantic expansion, and result entity filtering.We evaluate our approach on scientificpublications, focusing on the long-tail entities types Datasets, Methods incomputer science publications, and Proteins in biomedical publications.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Web Information System
Rapport de synthèse, indice de rendement espéré du mil hivernage 1988. Atelier d'agroclimatologie opérationnelle pour les pays du CILSS. 29 Janvier - 3 Février
No full textAprès la famine au Niger... Quelles actions de lutte et de recherche contre l'insécurité alimentaire au Sahel ?
No full textL'année 2005 a été marquée par les terribles images de la famine au Niger, qui faisaient écho à celles reçues en 1974 sur la famine dans le Sahel. En 2005 aussi, les médias ont rapporté les tentatives dramatiques de migrants fuyant le Sahel pour des raisons le plus souvent économiques et liées à la pauvreté. En 2004 déjà, des images nous montraient d'impressionnantes invasions de criquets pèlerins dévastant les cultures des paysans sahéliens, envahissant les routes et bloquant les aéroports. A cinq heures d'avion de l'Europe, le Sahel est-il une région maudite, vouée à toutes les catastrophes ? Sommes-nous impuissants ? Pour répondre à cette vision pessimiste, deux structures de recherche, une située dans le Sahel et l'autre en France, se sont associées pour tenter de faire un diagnostic objectif de la situation et montrer qu'au-delà des apparences la situation de ces pays n'est pas sans issue : des solutions sont possibles. Ce diagnostic est complété de pistes à explorer pour lutter contre l'insécurité alimentaire. Ces idées sont le fruit d'une expérience de plus de 30 ans d'étude, d'observation et de recherche
A key interaction with RPA orients XPA in NER complexes
No full text© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.The XPA protein functions together with the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein RPA as the central scaffold to ensure proper positioning of repair factors in multi-protein nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery. We previously determined the structure of a short motif in the disordered XPA N-terminus bound to the RPA32C domain. However, a second contact between the XPA DNA-binding domain (XPA DBD) and the RPA70AB tandem ssDNA-binding domains, which is likely to influence the orientation of XPA and RPA on the damaged DNA substrate, remains poorly characterized. NMR was used to map the binding interfaces of XPA DBD and RPA70AB. Combining NMR and X-ray scattering data with comprehensive docking and refinement revealed how XPA DBD and RPA70AB orient on model NER DNA substrates. The structural model enabled design of XPA mutations that inhibit the interaction with RPA70AB. These mutations decreased activity in cell-based NER assays, demonstrating the functional importance of XPA DBD-RPA70AB interaction. Our results inform ongoing controversy about where XPA is bound within the NER bubble, provide structural insights into the molecular basis for malfunction of disease-associated XPA missense mutations, and contribute to understanding of the structure and mechanical action of the NER machinery11Nsciescopu
Ownership and Quality in Markets with Asymmetric Information: Evidence from Nursing Homes
No full textThe ownership and governance of for-profit (FP), nonprofit (NP), and local government (LG) organizations are different. Therefore, the objectives of these different types of organizations and their performance may differ. We conjecture that in markets where there is substantial asymmetric information between providers and customers, FP firms, LG organizations and NP organizations provide similar levels of quality attributes that are observable to their customers and are well understood by them. However, FP firms are likely to provide lower levels of less-well observed and less-well understood desirable but costly quality attributes than their NP and LG counterparts. Using a rich dataset, we study the quality of outcomes for Minnesota nursing homes, which do not compete on prices. We find support for our theoretical conjectures: FP homes provide lower quality on a number of dimensions, especially those that are less observable by nursing home residents and their families.EconomicsSSCI0ARTICLE1null1
Coner: A Collaborative Approach for Long-Tail Named Entity Recognition in Scientific Publications
No full textNamed Entity Recognition (NER) for rare long-tail entities as e.g., often found in domain-specific scientific publications is a challenging task, as typically the extensive training data and test data for fine-tuning NER algorithms is lacking. Recent approaches presented promising solutions relying on training NER algorithms in an iterative weakly-supervised fashion, thus limiting human interaction to only providing a small set of seed terms. Such approaches heavily rely on heuristics in order to cope with the limited training data size. As these heuristics are prone to failure, the overall achievable performance is limited. In this paper, we therefore introduce a collaborative approach which incrementally incorporates human feedback on the relevance of extracted entities into the training cycle of such iterative NER algorithms. This approach, called Coner, allows to still train new domain specific rare long-tail NER extractors with low costs, but with ever increasing performance while the algorithm is actively used in an application.Web Information System
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