1,721,110 research outputs found
Spontaneous cortisol and growth hormone secretion interactions in patients with nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NCCAH) and control children
No full text
Nuclear factor-κB- and glucocorticoid receptor α-mediated mechanisms in the regulation of systemic and pulmonary inflammation during sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Evidence for inflammation-induced target tissue resistance to glucocorticoids
No full textTo test the hypothesis that the interaction between nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) is a key pathogenetic mechanism regulating the progression of systemic and pulmonary inflammation in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we used an ex vivo model of systemic inflammation. Naïve peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were exposed to longitudinal (days 1-10) plasma samples from ARDS patients divided into three groups based on physiological improvement and clinical outcome by days 7-10: improvers, nonimprovers-survivors, and nonimprovers-nonsurvivors. In a separate group of nonimprovers-survivors, we correlated the severity of lung histopathology with the intensity of NF-κB and GRα nuclear staining in immunohistochemistry analysis of lung tissue obtained by open lung biopsy. We found that exposure of naïve cells to longitudinal plasma samples led to divergent directions in NF-κB and GRα activation that reflected the severity of systemic inflammation. Plasma samples from improvers with declining cytokine levels over time elicited a progressive increase in all measured aspects of glucocorticoid (GC)-induced GRα-mediated activity (p = 0.0001) and a correspondent reduction in NF-κB nuclear binding (p = 0.0001) and transcription of TNF-α and IL-1β (regulated, GRα-driven response). In contrast, plasma samples from nonimprovers with sustained elevation in cytokine levels over time elicited only a modest longitudinal increase in GC-GRα-mediated activity (p = 0.04) and a progressive increase in NF-κB nuclear binding over time (p = 0.0001) that was most striking in nonsurvivors (dysregulated, NF-κB-driven response). By days 3-5, no overlap was observed between groups for NF-κB and GC-GRα nuclear binding. In immunohistochemistry analyses, lung tissues of patients with severe versus mild ARDS had a higher intensity of NF-κB nuclear staining (13 ± 1.3 vs. 7 ± 2.9; p = 0.01) and a lower ratio of GRα:NF-κB in nuclear staining (0.5 ± 0.2 vs. 1.5 ± 0.2; p = 0.007). In conclusion, we demonstrated that the ability of GC-GRα to downregulate NF-κB activation is critical for the resolution of systemic and pulmonary inflammation in ARDS. The findings provide a rationale for the use of prolonged GC treatment in early ARD
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) inhibits steroid "biosynthesis "by cultured human granulosa lutein cells in a CRH and interluekin- receptor-mediated fashion
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
