1,720,958 research outputs found
Once upon a glass. Cycles, recycles and reuses of a never-ending material.
Full text linkGlass can be considered a locus of meaning, a material which has been the repository of
traditional knowledge and technological expertise for at least three millennia. The history of glass
speaks of know-how, technological transitions, and contaminations of recipes for its manufacture,
which have changed across the world over the centuries. As the amount of recovered glass from
archaeological contexts is much lower compared to ceramic and metal finds, research has often
considered glass as a rare material. Furthermore, glass production, in ancient times as in the present
day, requires the use of selected raw materials and noticeable amounts of fuel, making reuse and
recycling practices necessary to foster sustainability, from both an economical and an environmental
perspective. Latin authors, such as Juvenal and Martial, reported buyers of broken glass in Imperial
Rome, presumably destined for recycling. Archaeometry has also provided data that allow, today,
to clarify different aspects related to production cycles, uses and reuses of a material that, starting
from the Roman age, became as common as modern plastics. From beakers and goblets reused with
different purposes to mosaic tesserae detached for making new mosaics or to be refused and employed
as “pigments” for colouring glass, this paper aims to provide an overview of reuse and recycling
practices of ancient glass through a discussion of selected case studies from Roman to Middle Ages,
showing how the cycle of this material can be framed as an actual example of sustainable circular
economy in the past
Vitalità produttiva e rapporti commerciali a Butrinto in epoca romana: la testimonianza di ceramica e vetro
No full textAffacciata sul Mar Ionio, Buthrotum (la moderna Butrinto) era un antico porto della regione dell’Epiro. Grazie alla sua favorevole posizione tra Grecia e Italia, la città fu rifondata come colonia romana sotto Cesare e Augusto. L’attuale ricerca archeologica, intrapresa all’interno del Roman Forum Excavations Project, diretta congiuntamente dall’Università di Notre Dame e l’Istituto di Archeologia Albanese, ha dimostrato che l’antico centro fu completamente ricostruito in occasione del passaggio a colonia. Il programma di costruzione coloniale comprendeva, infatti, un nuovo foro lastricato, insieme ai suoi edifici circostanti e al complesso sacro adiacente al teatro. Sotto l’Impero Romano, Buthrotum fiorì, finché un terremoto nella seconda metà del IV secolo devastò la città e alterò permanentemente l’antico centro urbano. Questo contributo discute i reperti in ceramica e vetro provenienti dalle tabernae romane e un santuario scavati nel 2013, nell’area nord-est del foro. Numerosi frammenti di vetro, molti dei quali riconducibili a vasellame di uso domestico, mostrano morfologie strettamente connesse a tipi diffusi in tutto il Mediterraneo. Le importazioni ceramiche e le tracce di produzione di ceramica fine e d’uso domestico, tipicamente classificate come “locale” o “regionale”, forniscono nuove importanti evidenze di commercio e produzione nel Mediterraneo centrale tra I e III secolo d.C
Once upon a Glass—Cycles, Recycles and Reuses of a Never-Ending Material
Full text linkGlass can be considered a locus of meaning, a material which has been the repository of traditional knowledge and technological expertise for at least three millennia. The history of glass speaks of know-how, technological transitions, and contaminations of recipes for its manufacture, which have changed across the world over the centuries. As the amount of recovered glass from archaeological contexts is much lower compared to ceramic and metal finds, research has often considered glass as a rare material. Furthermore, glass production, in ancient times as in the present day, requires the use of selected raw materials and noticeable amounts of fuel, making reuse and recycling practices necessary to foster sustainability, from both an economical and an environmental perspective. Latin authors, such as Juvenal and Martial, reported buyers of broken glass in Imperial Rome, presumably destined for recycling. Archaeometry has also provided data that allow, today, to clarify different aspects related to production cycles, uses and reuses of a material that, starting from the Roman age, became as common as modern plastics. From beakers and goblets reused with different purposes to mosaic tesserae detached for making new mosaics or to be refused and employed as “pigments” for colouring glass, this paper aims to provide an overview of reuse and recycling practices of ancient glass through a discussion of selected case studies from Roman to Middle Ages, showing how the cycle of this material can be framed as an actual example of sustainable circular economy in the past
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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