8,558 research outputs found
Team perfectionism and team performance: A prospective study
No full textPerfectionism is a personality characteristic that has been found to predict sports performance in athletes. To date, however, research has exclusively examined this relationship at an individual level (i.e., athletes’ perfectionism predicting their personal performance). The current study extends this research to team sports by examining whether, when manifested at team level, perfectionism predicts team performance. A sample of 231 competitive rowers from 36 boats completed measures of self-oriented, team-oriented, and team-prescribed perfectionism prior to competing against one another in a 4-day rowing competition. Strong within-boat similarities in the levels of team members’ team-oriented perfectionism supported the existence of collective team-oriented perfectionism at the boat level. Two-level latent growth curve modeling of day-by-day boat performance showed that team-oriented perfectionism positively predicted the position of the boat in mid-competition and the linear improvement in position. The findings suggest that imposing perfectionistic standards on team members may drive teams to greater levels of performance
[[alternative]]A Study of the Factors Effecting Team Creativity: the Case Study of Advertising Teams
No full text[[abstract]]The purposes of this study were to explore the important issues of the factors that effect team creativity. The research method adopted was the case study of the qualitative research and the data was collected by in-depth interviews. In the process of the research, the author interviewed with five advertising teams, including eleven co-researchers.
According to the analysis of the research data, we can get the findings of the study as follows:
1. There are six factors effecting team creativity: (1) personal characteristics, (2) team characteristics, (3) creating process, (4) organizational culture, (5) working environment, (6) characters of team tasks.
2. There are three factors of personal characteristics effecting team creativity, including: (1) personality, (2) professional abilities, (3) life experiences.
3. There are four factors of team characteristics effecting team creativity, including: (1) professional abilities of the team leader (2) leading styles of the team leader (3) elements of team composition (4) the relationship among the team members.
4. There are three factors of creating process effecting team creativity, including:(1) team creating procedure (2) team creating technique (3) team creating principle.
5. There are three factors of organizational culture effecting team creativity, including: (1) corporation mission (2) working atmosphere (3) the way to motivate creativity (4) the supporting business processes.
6. There are two factors of working environment effecting team creativity, including: (1) the corporation systems (2) the corporation facilities and equipment.
7. There are two factors of characters of customers effecting team creativity, including: (1) customers’ views towards creativity (2) traits of goods.
Top Management Team Diversity: A systematic Review
No full textEmpirical research investigating the impact of top management team (TMT)
diversity on executives’ decision making has produced inconclusive results.
To synthesize and aggregate the results on the diversity-performance
link, a meta-regression analysis (MRA) is conducted. It integrates more
than 200 estimates from 53 empirical studies investigating TMT diversity
and its impact on the quality of executives’ decision making as reflected
in corporate performance. The analysis contributes to the literature by
theoretically discussing and empirically examining the effects of TMT diversity
on corporate performance. Our results do not show a link between TMT
diversity and performance but provide evidence for publication bias. Thus,
the findings raise doubts on the impact of TMT diversity on performance
The Dantu blood group prevents parasite growth in vivo: Evidence from a controlled human malaria infection study
No full textBackground: The long co-evolution of Homo sapiens and Plasmodium falciparum has resulted in the selection of numerous human genetic variants that confer an advantage against severe malaria and death. One such variant is the Dantu blood group antigen, which is associated with 74% protection against severe and complicated P. falciparum malaria infections in homozygous individuals, similar to that provided by the sickle haemoglobin allele (HbS). Recent in vitro studies suggest that Dantu exerts this protection by increasing the surface tension of red blood cells, thereby impeding the ability of P. falciparum merozoites to invade them and reducing parasite multiplication. However, no studies have yet explored this hypothesis in vivo.
Methods: We investigated the effect of Dantu on early phase P. falciparum (Pf) infections in a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) study. 141 sickle-negative Kenyan adults were inoculated with 3.2 × 103 aseptic, purified, cryopreserved Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) then monitored for blood-stage parasitaemia for 21 days by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA P. falciparum gene. The primary endpoint was blood-stage P. falciparum parasitaemia of ≥500/μl while the secondary endpoint was the receipt of antimalarial treatment in the presence of parasitaemia of any density. On study completion, all participants were genotyped both for Dantu and for four other polymorphisms that are associated with protection against severe falciparum malaria: α+-thalassaemia, blood group O, G6PD deficiency, and the rs4951074 allele in the red cell calcium transporter ATP2B4.
Results: The primary endpoint was reached in 25/111 (22.5%) non-Dantu subjects in comparison to 0/27 (0%) Dantu heterozygotes and 0/3 (0.0%) Dantu homozygotes (p=0.01). Similarly, 49/111 (44.1%) non-Dantu subjects reached the secondary endpoint in comparison to only 7/27 (25.9%) and 0/3 (0.0%) Dantu heterozygotes and homozygotes, respectively (p=0.021). No significant impacts on either outcome were seen for any of the other genetic variants under study.
Conclusions: This study reveals, for the first time, that the Dantu blood group is associated with high-level protection against early, non-clinical, P. falciparum malaria infections in vivo. Learning more about the mechanisms involved could potentially lead to new approaches to the prevention or treatment of the disease. Our study illustrates the power of CHMI with PfSPZ Challenge for directly testing the protective impact of genotypes previously identified using other methods.
Funding: The Kenya CHMI study was supported by an award from Wellcome (grant number 107499). SK was supported by a Training Fellowship (216444/Z/19/Z), TNW by a Senior Research Fellowship (202800/Z/16/Z), JCR by an Investigator Award (220266/Z/20/Z), and core support to the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme in Kilifi, Kenya (203077), all from Wellcome. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. For the purpose of Open Access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
Clinical trial number: NCT0273976
Organically Integrated Project Delivery of a Mission-Driven Team: An exploratory study on managing the MOR Team TU Delft during the Solar Decathlon Europe 2019
No full textThis master thesis investigated the coordination aspects of the MOR Team TU Delft, a volunteer-students based team, that produced an AEC project for the Solar Decathlon Europe 2019 (SDE19) competition. With a closer look at the aspects of organisation, motivation, and mission, this researched provides an objective account of the characteristics and functions of coordination that aided this team in producing an award-winning project. It is thanks to the study of the available documents, the personal notes of the author, and the interviews with some key members of the team that this research highlighted how a mission-driven team developed an experimental attitude toward an Organically Integrated Project Delivery. The organisational and coordination aspects of Solar Decathlon teams it is not yet a widespread area of research; therefore, this master thesis conducted an exploratory case study that followed an inductive approach. Among the results mentioned above, this work highlighted how the study of volunteer-students based teams, competing in the various Solar Decathlons, can become an exciting area of study for management practices within AEC projects. The peculiarities of these projects have the potential to provide tangible and comparable results in the study of design and construction management. It is thanks to these considerations that this research asks for the development of further studies, with the effects of both further validating the results here presented and to further expand the body of knowledge on this typology of projects.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Management in the Built Environmen
Team dynamics in emergency surgery teams : results from a first international survey
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Background: Emergency surgery represents a unique context. Trauma teams are often multidisciplinary and need to operate under extreme stress and time constraints, sometimes with no awareness of the trauma’s causes or the patient’s personal and clinical information. In this perspective, the dynamics of how trauma teams function is fundamental to ensuring the best performance and outcomes. Methods: An online survey was conducted among the World Society of Emergency Surgery members in early 2021. 402 fully filled questionnaires on the topics of knowledge translation dynamics and tools, non-technical skills, and difficulties in teamwork were collected. Data were analyzed using the software R, and reported following the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). Results: Findings highlight how several surgeons are still unsure about the meaning and potential of knowledge translation and its mechanisms. Tools like training, clinical guidelines, and non-technical skills are recognized and used in clinical practice. Others, like patients’ and stakeholders’ engagement, are hardly implemented, despite their increasing importance in the modern healthcare scenario. Several difficulties in working as a team are described, including the lack of time, communication, training, trust, and ego. Discussion: Scientific societies should take the lead in offering training and support about the abovementioned topics. Dedicated educational initiatives, practical cases and experiences, workshops and symposia may allow mitigating the difficulties highlighted by the survey’s participants, boosting the performance of emergency teams. Additional investigation of the survey results and its characteristics may lead to more further specific suggestions and potential solutions.Peer reviewe
Supply chain partnership in construction a field study on project team level factors
No full textPeople and their relationship are at the heart of supply chain partnerships, however there is a lack of qualitative studies focusing on how integrated relationships may be developed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct field research to deepen our understanding of team level variables that might help or inhibit a project team to perform in a SCP setting. To guide us in our study, we used a team effectiveness framework. Taking the role as a team coach, the first author conducted field research in four different project teams that were working in a SCP setting for the first time. These teams worked on housing refurbishment projects (2-12M construction costs) initiated by housing associations. All four were delivered through a strategic partnership. We found that SCP project teams are structured differently than conventional project teams. When we look at team level factors, we see that team members need time to understand their role and responsibilities within the project team and to build a shared mental model. The smallest problems in regard of team inputs (i.e. resources) can harm the team’s performance. Trust and psychological safety are important mediators between the input-output relation. Our main conclusion is, if we want supply chain partnerships to work, much more attention should be given to team level variables instead of merely relying on tools and techniques.Management in the Built EnvironmentArchitecture and The Built Environmen
Attitudes to the rights and rewards for author contributions to repositories for teaching and learning
No full textIn the United Kingdom over the past few years there has been a dramatic growth of national and regional repositories to collect and disseminate resources related to teaching and learning. Most notable of these are the Joint Information Systems Committee’s Online Repository for [Learning and Teaching] Materials as well as the Higher Education Academy’s subject specific resource databases. Repositories in general can hold a range of materials not only related to teaching and learning, but more recently the term ‘institutional repository’ is being used to describe a repository that has been established to support open access to a university’s research output. This paper reports on a survey conducted to gather the views of academics, support staff and managers on their past experiences and future expectations of the use of repositories for teaching and learning. The survey explored the rights and rewards associated with the deposit of materials into such repositories. The findings suggest what could be considered to be an ‘ideal’ repository from the contributors’ perspective and also outlines many of the concerns expressed by respondents in the survey
Two Heads Are Less Bubbly than One: Team Decision-Making in an Experimental Asset Market
No full textWe study the effect of team decision-making on bubbles and crashes in experimental asset markets of the kind introduced by Smith, Suchanek and Williams (1988). We find that populating such markets with teams of size two instead of individuals significantly reduces the severity of mispricing. In particular we observe that under our teams treatment, deviations in prices away from intrinsic value are significantly smaller in magnitude, shorter in duration and associated with lower volume and price volatility. We also find an unexpected gender effect in team composition, manifesting itself in more extreme – though not consistently more profitable – behaviour by all-male teams. Since these effects are not observed among male participants generally, we conjecture that they may be due to factors specific to the psychology of decision-making in male-dominated environments.asset market experiments, price bubbles, group decision-making, gender composition of teams
Satisfaction of interdisciplinary team members in a hospital based environment
No full textPlan BThe purpose of this study is to determine employee satisfaction levels of members of an Interdisciplinary Team in a hospital based environment and to gain insight into how certain variables can affect employee satisfaction. “Interdisciplinary teams as those where members continue to work from particular disciplinary orientations but undertake some joint collaborative work” (Opie 1997, p. 263). This study will also unveil current views and attitudes regarding job satisfaction that could translate to numerous settings.
Several factors relating to employee satisfaction and their impacts in both hospital and interdisciplinary-based environments were found in a literature review. Individuals currently working on a interdisciplinary teams, health managers and administrators managing an interdisciplinary team, or those wishing to embark on a career in the health related industry will find this study useful.
The data required for this study will be obtained through a survey (21 questions)
distributed to the members of the Interdisciplinary Team in the Neurological Department and the Luther Hospital in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. The survey questions will address employee perceptions of the physical environment, growth opportunities, workloads and responsibilities, trust and mutual respect, empowerment, and training and development
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