25,449 research outputs found
The Structure of Scientific Collaboration Networks in Scientometrics
No full textThe structure of scientific collaboration networks in scientometrics was investigated at the level of individuals by using bibliographic data of all papers published in the international journal Scientometrics retrieved from the Science Citation Index (SCI) during 1978 to 2004. Combined analysis of social network analysis (SNA), co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis and frequency analysis of words was explored to reveal: (1) The microstructure of the collaboration network on scientists’ aspects of scientometrics; (2) The major collaborative fields of the collaborative sub-networks; (3) The collaborative center of the collaboration network in scientometrics
A. Mar'in for the CERES Collaboration: G. Agakichiev
No full texts b , T. Wienold b , B. Windelband b , J. P. Wurm f , W. Xie e , V. Yurevich a a JINR, Dubna, Russia b Universitat Heidelberg, Germany c GSI, Darmstadt, Germany d Department for Physics and Astronomy, SUNY Stony Brook, USA e Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel f Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany h NPI/ASCR, Rez, Czech Republic i Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, USA j CERN, Geneva, Switzerland k Guest at Universitat Heidelberg, Germany The CERES/NA45 experiment at the CERN SPS was upgraded in 1998 by the addition of a cylindrical Time Projection Chamber. The aim is to improve the mass resolution of e + e \Gamma pairs in the ae/!/OE region to<F12
Collaboration in Iranian Scientific Publications
No full textThis study looks at international collaboration in Iranian scientific publications through the ISI Science Citation Index® (SCI) for the years 1995-1999, inclusive. These results are compared to and contrasted with the earlier findings for the periods covering 1985-1994 (Osareh & Wilson 2000). The results of Iran's increasing productivity over a 15-year period are presented. Iran doubled its output in the first two five-year periods and increased 2.8-fold from the second to the third five-year period. The rise in Iran's scientific publication output is due mainly to factors such as the ending of the war, better economic conditions, recent changes in the Iranian government's policy, basic changes in the political environment brought about by the Reformers, expansion of the Iranian presses for national publications, and the recent return of a large number of students trained overseas through government scholarships. External changes also account for the increased productivity, e.g., the acceptance of three Iranian source journals by the SCI, increased access to international databases through the Internet and better electronic communication facilities for international collaboration. One of the most important and significant factors that caused this dramatic rise seems to be the government's research policies in the last few years. Since 1999, the Iran Science, Research and Technology Ministry, has encouraged researchers to publish their non-Farsi language articles in highly ranked international scientific journals, for example, by giving prizes to researchers who publish their articles in ISI-ranked journals
Longitudinal flow and onset of deconfinement
No full textThe effects of the onset of deconfinement on longitudinal and transverse flow are studied. First, we analyze longitudinal pion spectra from Elab = 2A GeV to √sNN = 200 GeV within Landau’s hydrodynamical model and the UrQMD transport approach. From the measured data on the widths of the pion rapidity spectra, we extract the sound velocity c2s in the early stage of the reactions. It is found that the sound velocity has a local minimum (indicating a softest point in the equation of state, EoS) at Ebeam = 30A GeV. This softening of the EoS is compatible with the assumption of the formation of a mixed phase at the onset of deconfinement. Furthermore, the energy excitation function of elliptic flow (v2) from Ebeam = 90A MeV to √sNN = 200 GeV is explored within the UrQMD framework and discussed in the context of the available data. The transverse flow should also be sensitive to changes in the equation of state. Therefore, the underestimation of elliptic flow by the UrQMD model calculation above Elab = 30A GeV might also be explained by assuming a phase transition from a hadron gas to the quark gluon plasma around this energy. This would be consistent with the model calculations, indicating a transition from hadronic matter to “string matter” in this energy range
The methodological status of co-authorship networks
No full textA powerful strategy within the study of collaboration
in science is to posit that co-authorship patterns
represent social networks.
It is prerequisite to an application of Social
Network Analysis (SNA) to define the network
entities. A network analysis of the inter-institutional
collaboration in COLLNET on the basis
of co-authorships was conducted. The study reveals
that it is crucial whether the co-authorship
itself is seen as an author's relational property or
as a social event that brings the authors together.
The former possibility is represented by a onemode
network in which each author can be related
to each other author. Quite distinct from
that are two-mode networks, the latter approach.
They consist of two single data sets in which relations
are only possible between different sets.
Different modes of representations require
different network approaches. One is that co-authorship
networks are seen as one-mode networks,
which has the advantage of the application
of a variety of measures. In contrast, twomode
networks, the other option, cannot be analysed
by standard techniques but its distinctive
features demand a new conceptualisation of
measures. In conclusion, the two-mode perspective
is more promising because it allows a dual
perspective on collaboration in science which includes
researchers as well as their scientific output
Review of structures in the energy dependence of hadronic observables
No full textThe energy dependence of various hadronic observables is reviewed. The study of their evolution from AGS over SPS to the highest RHIC energy reveals interesting features, which might locate a possible onset of deconfinement. These observables include transverse spectra of different particle types and their total multiplicities, as well as elliptic flow. In this context especially the observation of a maximum of the strangeness to pion ratio is of particular interest, since on one hand it has been predicted as a signal for the onset of deconfinement but on the other hand also statistical model calculations exhibit qualitatively similar structures. The sharpness of these features is however not reproduced by hadronic scenarios. The significance of these structures will be discussed in this contribution. Other observables, such as radius parameters from Bose-Einstein correlations, on the other hand do not exhibit any structure in their energy dependence
Co-authorship Network of Scientometrics Research Collaboration
No full textThis paper examines the co-authorship network in the field of scientometrics using social network analysis techniques with the aim of developing an understanding of research collaboration in this scientific community. Using co-authorship data from 3125 articles published in the journal Scientometrics with a time span of more than three decades (1980-2012), we construct an evolving co-authorship network and calculate three centrality measures (closeness, betweenness, and degree) for 3024 authors, 1207 institutions, 68 countries and 22 academic fields in this network. This paper also discusses the usability of centrality measures in author ranking, and suggests that centrality measures can be useful indicators for impact analysis. Findings revealed that scientometrics was not dominated by a couple of key researchers as quite a significant number of popular researchers were identified. The United States occupies the topmost position in all measures except for degree centrality. The most active, central and collaborative academic discipline in scientometrics is Information & Library Science
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HBT interferometry and the parton-hadron phase transition
No full textInvited talk at the International Workshop XXX on Gross Properties of Nuclei and Nuclear Excitations - Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions, Jan. 13-19, 2002, Hirschegg, Austria. Report-no: LBNL-49674. We discuss predictions for the pion and kaon interferometry measurements in relativistic heavy ion collisions at SPS and RHIC energies. In particular, we confront relativistic transport model calculations that include explicitly a first-order phase transition from a thermalized quark-gluon plasma to a hadron gas with recent data from the RHIC experiments. We critically examine the "HBT-puzzle" both from the theoretical as well as from the experimental point of view. Alternative scenarios are briefly explained
Industry-Academia Research Collaboration; characterising structure, process & attitudes in support of best practice
No full textIndustry-academia collaborative research has become a subject of increasing
interest in recent years to academics, industrialists and policymakers due to
greater awareness of the importance of such links for innovation and the
knowledge-based economy. However, such collaborations are not always
successful for reasons which are poorly researched. The main objective of this
thesis is to identify the main factors that impede or enhance successful
research collaboration. The research agenda is guided by a review of the
current literature which indicates that the effectiveness of industry-academia
collaborative research depends to some extent on the following factors: (i) the
motivations/objectives for collaborative research, (ii) the modes of
communication between collaborative partners, and (iii) the management of the
collaborative process. The influence of each of these three factors on
collaboration effectiveness is investigated using a conceptual model and two
pieces of complementary fieldwork.
The conceptual model illustrates the relationship between the three factors and
the structure of collaboration, the collaborative process and the attitudes of
collaborative participants. The fieldwork activities, which provide data on
individual perceptions of industry-academia collaborative research experience,
comprise an interview survey of collaborative research facilitators, and a
questionnaire survey of students working on projects jointly supervised by
academics and industrialists. Findings from these two activities are analysed in
terms of their contribution to the existing literature on industry-academia
collaboration and their conformity with the conceptual model. The perspectives
of the research facilitators are also directly compared with those of the students.
The results support current awareness in the literature that industry-academia
collaborations are difficult to analyse and manage because of their diverse
structures, their dynamic nature and the variety of factors that influence their
effectiveness. Whilst the research findings do provide some indication of why
collaborations succeed or fail and how they can best be managed, the fact that
no two collaborations are the same in terms of motivations, objectives,
structure, process, outcomes, type of participants, etc., precludes prescriptive
generalisations. Suggestions for best practice include adopting an adaptable
management structure and using a 'relationship management' approach for
long term collaborative relationships
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