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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BAWANG BOMBAY (Allium ceppa L.) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN
Full text linkThis study was obtained to determine antidiabetic effect of repeated oral
administration of onion extract (Allium ceppa L.) in alloxan induced diabetic rats
(Rattus norvegicus). Alloxan were intraperitoneally injected 120 mg/KgBW
(single dose). A total of twenty male wistar rats of three months old were used this
study. The rats were divided into five groups. 1) negative control group (K-) was
treated by CMC Na 0.5 %, 2) positive control group (K+) had been inducted by
alloxan and treated by CMC Na 0.5 %, 3) group 1 (P1) had been inducted by
alloxan and treated by extract of Allium ceppa L 200 mg/KgBW, 3) group 2 (P2)
had been inducted by alloxan and treated by extract of Allium ceppa L 400
mg/KgBW 4) group 3 (P3) had been inducted by alloxan and treated by extract of
Allium ceppa L 800 mg/KgBW. Blood specimen were collected from coccygealis
vein, then analyzed using easytouch glucometer. The result of this study showed
that Allium ceppa L extract had high antidiabetic potential which decreased the
blood glucose in 14 days post treatment. Allium ceppa L consisted of allyl
prophyl disulphide and queercetin that could reduced the blood glucose level.
After 14 days post treatment, the averaged result of blood glucose levels in dose
200 mg/KgBW (P1) and dose 800 mg/KgBW (P3) didn’t approached the negative
control’s (K-) therefore the effective dose of Allium ceppa L that could reduced
the blood glucose level was 400 mg/KgBB
Biochemical and ultrastructural alterations induced by triphenyltin acetate on mouse thymocytes in vitro.
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Triphenyltin acetate-mediated in vitro inactivation of rat liver cytochrome P-450
No full textThe in vitro effects of the organotin (OT) compound triphenyltin acetate (TPTA) on cytochrome P-450 content and functions were investigated in liver microsomes from untreated, phenobarbital (PB)- or beta-naphthoflavone- (betaNAF) pretreated rats. At a concentration of 0.5 mM, TPTA caused a marked loss in the spectrally detectable content of cytochrome P-450 up to 27% of its original value, along with an increase in the inactive form cytochrome P-420. Both effects were most pronounced in betaNAF-treated microsomes, which showed a shift in the hemoprotein absorption maximum from 448 nm to 451 nm, but in all cases TPTA failed to affect either cytochrome b5 or total heme content, or to increase the production of malondialdehyde. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation of microsomal membranes or damage to the heme moiety should be excluded as contributing factors in the hemoprotein loss. TPTA also produced a concentration-related functional inactivation of cytochrome P-450 that was most pronounced in betaNAF-exposed microsomal preparations, as denoted by a striking reduction in the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity (IC50 = 0.088 mM). In contrast, the activities of cytochrome P-450-independent microsomal enzymes such as NADPH cytochrome c reductase and indophenyl acetate esterase (IPA-EST) were not markedly affected even by 0.5 mM TPTA (-30%). As assessed by Lineweaver-Burk plots, the mechanism of inhibition appeared to be noncompetitive for IPA-EST and of mixed type (competitive-noncompetitive) for EROD. Among sulfhydryl-containing compounds, dithiothreitol was considerably more effective than albumin and reduced glutathione in preventing cytochrome P-450 inactivation and even was able to partially reverse the hemoprotein damage when added after TPTA; glycerol, which is known to protect the hydrophobic environment of cytochrome P-450, was as effective as albumin. This study indicates that TPTA behaves as an almost specific and powerful in vitro inhibitor of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases, apparently through the interaction with critical sulfhydryl groups of the hemoprotei
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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