1,721,056 research outputs found
Urban agriculture and city development in Bologna (Italy): Notes in historical perspective
No full textIn the history of green spaces, in reference to horticulture and to other types of urban green, lives a constant relationship with the general history of urban development. Bologna (Italy) is an important case study: in this town, urban gardens and other green spaces have characterized large areas of the historic city from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance and onwards. Urban gardens are related (at least in a first historical phase) to subsistence agriculture; at the same time, the role of private gardens in several residential areas of the city should not be forgotten. The presence of large green areas - inside the city centre - remains considerable until the early 20th century, as shown also in many pictures and maps, some of which are currently available also on the internet. The history of the city's green crosses a more complex phase with the urban dynamics after the Italian Risorgimento
Green spaces in Italy from subsistence agriculture to public parks: The city of Bologna from 13th to 20th century
No full textAs many other European cities, Bologna has wide green spaces inside the city walls, especially in the Middle Ages, when the role of subsistence agriculture is really important; during the Renaissance, this scenario partially changes; and in the Modern Era the importance of gardens and public parks is growing. After Italian unification (1861), urban development enters into dialectical relationship with the protection of public green; new public gardens are built within the historic city and a large public park is inaugurated immediately outside the Renaissance walls. These events prelude to the urban development of Bologna outside its historical borders, according to a process that unites Bologna with several other cities of central and northern Italy, although with some differences with regard to policies for the protection of public green during the 20th century
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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