126,801 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Expression of IL12 and IL23 receptors and cytokines in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and normal B cells
No full textThe mechanisms of clonal expansion of CLL are only partially understood. Several interactions of neoplastic cells with accessory cells and cytokines potentially sustaining neoplastic B cell clone survival and proliferation have been described. Recently, a paracrine/autocrine loop has been reported, involving the upregulation of the IL23R complex and IL23 secretion by CLL cells. This loop drives CLL cell clonal expansion in vitro and in xenografted NSG mice. Furthermore, in situ observations on tissue sections demonstrate that infiltrating IL23 secreting CLL cells interact with macrophages and CD40L expressing T cells. Although inducible in vitro by co-culturing CLL cells with T cells or CD40L expressing cells, the IL23 loop is not observed following stimulation of CLL cells via surface Ig or contact with nurse like cells or bone marrow stromal cells.
In this study, we investigated whether the IL23 loop could be induced following Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) engagement which influences leukemic cell survival, activation proliferation albeit in a heterogeneous manner. In addition, we explored the possible existence of an autocrine/paracrine loop mediated by IL12 which shares similarities and surface receptors with IL23 although with a likely opposite outcome in term of the possibility to sustain leukemic cell growth .
IL23R and IL12R complexes (IL23R/IL12Rβ1, IL12β2/IL12Rβ1) expression were evaluated by flow-cytometry following stimulation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) that binds the TLR9 on CLL, showing that CLL cells are able to express the IL23R complex on membrane and, at lower extent, the IL12R complex.
These receptors were assessed also in normal B cells by flow cytometry after 72h of stimulation with CpG and CpG+IL15. In this setting, normal B cells were less capable of IL23R complex expression compared to CLL cells. A further striking difference observed was related to the limited expression of IL12Rß2 receptor chain in stimulated CLL cells compared to normal B cells.
Supernatants of CLL cells and normal B cells were both tested for the production of these cytokines after stimulation. The results showed a low level of IL23p19 secretion for both CLL cells and normal B cells, which is significant after CD40L stimulation (used as positive control), and a higher production of IL12p70 which is more pronounced in normal B cells compared to CLL. In another series of tests, CLL cells were stimulated with CpG for 72h, and subsequently exposed to IL12 or IL23. Exposure to IL12 and IL23 induced the expression of pSTAT1 and pSTAT3. Collectively our data corroborate the notion that IL23R complex act as a pro-survival factor for CLL cells. In contrast, the restricted IL12R complex expression in CLL cells compared to normal B cells indicated that the suppression of the expression of this receptor may favor the survival of the leukemic clones. The possibility of a reciprocal competition of the shared receptor chains is discussed
Gruppo come spazio di transito e non luoghi
No full textNel lavoro viene descritto il concetto di non luogo, elaborato da M. Augé, in riferimento ad una esperienza di gruppo condotta con pazienti stanieri. Il non luogo, come spazio anonimo di transito, si pensi agli aeroporti, rappresenta bene la condizione sospesa del migrante. Attraverso la condivisione di vissuti di deterritorialità si possono ricercare elementi che accomunano e che rendono meno individualizzato il percorso migratorio
Reactivity of bifunctional nucleophilic systems. Solvent effect in the alkylation of magnesium indoles
No full textAlkylation of resorcinols with monoterpenoid allylic alcohols in aqueous acid. Synthesis of new cannabinoid derivatives
No full textAlkylation of resorcinols with monterpenoid allylic alcohols in aqueous acid. Synthesis of new cannabinoid derivatives
No full textReactivity of ambifunctional nucleophilic systems. Reaction between ethyl orthoformate and phenolic systems
No full textTaphonomy of the Lower Permian Cardillo Quarry, Chama Basin, North-Central New Mexico
No full textThe Lower Permian Cardillo quarry is located near Arroyo del Agua, in the Chama Basin in north-central New
Mexico. The quarry is stratigraphically high in the El Cobre Canyon Formation of the Cutler Group, which is Wolfcampian in
age. During excavations in 1979, 1980 and 2002-2004, the remains of the labyrinthodont amphibian Eryops, the diadectamorph
Diadectes, a captorhinid reptile, a varanopseid pelycosaur, and the pelycosaurs Sphenacodon and Ophiacodon were recovered
from the Cardillo quarry. Taphonomic analysis reveals that this locality is an attritional fossil assemblage. The bones lie within
a series of three distinct, pedogenically modified conglomerates that also include calcrete nodules, chert, quartzite and other
siliceous pebbles. The skeletal material is mostly disarticulated, though two partially articulated pelycosaur skeletons were
recovered from overbank sediments above the uppermost conglomerate. Isolated skeletal elements and bone fragments are in
various stages of weathering and abrasion. The assemblage was not hydraulically sorted because all three Voorhies groups are
well represented. The Cardillo quarry assemblage was formed by a series of crevasse splays that incorporated bones, bone fragments
and basement clasts (siliceous pebbles). Thus, it is a classic example of a time-averaged vertebrate fossil assemblage
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
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