1,720,954 research outputs found
Robots humanoïdes intelligents : entre chose, objet vivant et non-vivant
No full textPublished: 02 October 2024In this article, the author, Lucas Cardiell, explores the complex nature of Intelligent Humanoid Robots (IHRs) and their potential categorization as either living or non-living entities. His analysis examines factors like their design, appearance, aesthetic considerations, actions, human perception, and the unique issues they pose to people. Cardiell suggests that IHRs might be perceived as virtually or digitally living entities—analogous to how plants and animals are considered as biological life forms. Instead of focusing on biological processes, Cardiell’s analysis focuses on human perception and the dynamics of human-humanoid interactions. He claims that our understanding of this technology and our classification of it as being living or non-living entities is shaped through our interactions with it
"A Robot Is Watching You”: Humanoid Robots And The Different Impacts On Privacy
No full textRobots, particularly the ones that belong to a special type of robotic technologies designed and deployed for communicating and interacting with humans, slip into more and more domains of human life - from the research laboratories and operating rooms to our kitchens, bedrooms, and offices. They can interact with humans with facial expressions, gaze directions, and voices, mimicking the affective dynamics of human relationships. As a result, they create new opportunities, but also new challenges and risks to peoples’ privacy. The literature on privacy issues in the context of Social Companion Robots (SCRs) is poor and has a strong focus on information privacy and data protection. It has given, however, less attention to other dimensions of privacy, e.g. physical, emotional, or social privacy. This article argues for an “evolving” or “transformable” notion of privacy, as opposed to the “elusive” concept of privacy elaborated by leading privacy theorists such as Daniel J. Solove (2008) and Judith J. Thomson (1975). In other words, rather than assuming that privacy has a single core or definition (as defined, e.g., in Warren and Brandeis' 1890 paper), it maintains that it is important to conceptualize privacy as distinguishable into various aspects, including informational privacy, the privacy of thoughts and actions, and social privacy. This inductive approach makes it possible to identify new dimensions of privacy and therefore effectively respond to the rapid technological evolution in AI technologies which is constantly introducing new spheres of privacy intrusions
Human rights in the midst of intelligent humanoid robots’ rise : the good, the bad, and the uncertain
No full textDefence date: 22 April 2024Examining Board: Prof. Giovanni Sartor (European University Institute; University of Bologna, Supervisor); Prof. Marc Rotenberg (Georgetown University; Center for AI and Digital policy, External Co-supervisor); Prof. Ugo Pagallo (Università degli Studi di Torino); Prof. Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz (European University Institute)The recent progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has inspired a remarkable transformation in Intelligent Humanoid Robots (IHRs). These human replicas are purposefully designed to mimic human appearance and actions. As they interact with individuals, they might pose great potential positive and negative impacts on their human rights, e.g., the right to privacy and non-discrimination. In this thesis I explore the relevant ethical and human rights issues in the context of IHRs, which the AI and human rights literature has not yet adequately addressed. I argue that the aesthetics, presence in private spaces, and the perception of IHRs by individuals as animate beings, pose threats and afford opportunities for human rights and ethical values, particularly privacy as broadly understood. Furthermore, I argue that, as a distinct AI and robotic technology, IHRs have the potential to exploit human vulnerabilities for, e.g., the elderly and individuals with physical and mental disabilities, thus, they deserve a particular attention from the human rights scholarship. As a representative case, I pay particular attention to elderly care robots. I contribute to the AI and human rights literature in 3 interrelated ways: 1) I create a classification of privacy to provide a comprehensive understanding of how privacy is impacted by IHRs. This classification includes elements such as informational, physical, mental, and social privacy, among others. 2) I conduct qualitative interviews with leading technologists, roboticists, and AI experts to gain insight into the present and potential trajectory of IHRs. The findings of these interviews reveal the following issues: 1) growing concerns about the urgency to understand the ramifications of AI/IHRs on human rights, particularly the right to privacy, 2) human-centric AI was considered as an appropriate approach to supervise the development of IHRs/AI, and 3) regulating AI/IHRs was preferred by most of the interviewees. 3) Based on this analysis, I propose a “Human Rights-Centred Approach,” which I consider as a unifying universal approach to design and deploy human rights-respecting IHRs. I suggest that: 1) human rights can inform use the challenges and opportunities raised by IHRs, and 2) incorporating human rights in the process of design and developing IHRs should be of essential importance.Chapter 5 'An exploration of the dual nature of intelligent humanoid robots and privacy' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article ''A robot is watching you' : humanoid robots and the different impacts on privacy' (2021) in the journal 'Masaryk University journal of law and technology'
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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