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Sulla provenienza apuana del marmo di cippi funerari etruschi
No full textIn this paper the preliminary results of mineralogical-petrographical investigation performed on the Etruscan
cippi guarded in the Archaeological Museum of Pietrasanta are presented and discussed. Since their discovery these
monuments represented a significant object able to improve the knowledge concerning the diffusion of the Etruscan
culture in Northern Tuscany. They can set some valuable constraints on the knowledge and the ability of the Etruscans
to exploit the Apuan marbles.
The marbles of the cippi nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 guarded in the “Bruno Antonucci” Archaeological Museum of
Pietrasanta (Lucca), are analyzed. They are represented by predominantly white marbles and veined white marbles.
From every cippo a microsample was obtained for the preparation of ultrathin sections (thickness between 5 and 7
micron). The ultrathin sections were analized using an optical microscope and the quantification of the microstructural
parameters was carried out through image analysis. The petrographical-microstructural analyses performed on
ultrathin section provide important parameters for the archaeometric study and remarkable indications of the possible
areas of origin of the material used for the realization of the monuments.
The characterization of the provenance area of the marbles used for the realization of the monuments was conducted
comparing the petrographical-microstructural characteristic of the cippi marbles with those of marbles coming from
areas hypothesized as possible zones of ancient exploitation of the Apuan marble. Marble samples were sampled
from several Versilian sites (Ceragiola, Solaio, Trambiserra, Cappella, Uccelliera, Giustagnana and from the Cave
Palazzo Mediceo of Seravezza) as well as from the more important historical places of the Carrara Basin.
The marbles used for the realization of the cippi appear quite homogeneous: they are medium-fine grained calcitic
marbles, with grain boundaries from lobate to sutured. These microstructural characteristics are typical of few areas
located in the Carrara Basin and largely diffused in some Versilian sites (Valle del Serra-Ceragiola).
On the basis of the general characteristics of the monuments (dimensions, mesoscopical and microscopic characters)
the conflicting hypothesis related to the origin of the marbles used for the realization of the cippi is discussed.
Etruscan cippi, marbles, microstructures, Versilia, Tuscan
The ancient use of colouring on the marble statues of Hierapolis of Phrygia (Turkey): an integrated multi-analytical approach
No full textThe interest about the extent of the polychromy of ancient artefacts has increased in the last 10 years, increasing our knowledge on classical art, still often perceived as perfectly white. As a consequence, the development of methodologies allowing the detection and interpretation of the traces of colour remaining on the surfaces of archaeological artefacts has gained momentum. This paper presents the results of a multi-disciplinary research carried out about the painting materials used in producing selected marble statues excavated from the archaeological site of Hierapolis of Phrygia (Turkey), integrating the art-historical approach and the archaeometric data. The artefacts discussed in this paper were excavated in the archaeological site of Hierapolis in the course of several years by the Italian archaeological mission (MAIER). The objects include the reliefs and decorative statuary of the Severan Theatre and the statues excavated from the North Agora of the archaeological site, which are currently preserved in the museum of Hierapolis-Pamukkale. The analytical protocol, based on non-invasive imaging techniques (ultraviolet fluorescence images—UVf and visible induced luminescence—VIL), was performed directly outdoor, in the archaeological site. Few microsamples were selected, collected and subjected to laboratory analyses (XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS and HPLC-DAD). The integrated protocol allowed for the identification of the colouring materials used in producing the polychromies under study
An integrated multimethodological approach for characterizing the materials and pigments on a sarcophagus in St. Mark, Marcellian and Damasus catacombs
No full textThe increasing interest and debate about the extent of the polychromy of ancient artefacts is generating more attention to the study of the traces of colour remaining on their surfaces. The small amount of these traces lead to a new approach for their characterization in order to limit sampling and hopefully avoiding it. The application of a protocol based on imaging techniques integrated with data obtained from single-spot techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fibre-optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) provides high-quality information about the materials. The integrated protocol has been applied in the study of a sarcophagus in San Callisto complex in Rome, and the efficacy of its use is confirmed by the data obtained. The sarcophagus, dating back to fourth-century C.E., is located in Saints Mark, Marcellian and Damasus catacombs. The study was focused on characterization of materials through a multidisciplinary approach with in situ non-invasive techniques (multispectral photography, visible-induced luminescence, XRF and FORS) and microinvasive analytical methods in order to identify the marble’s provenance through a consolidate multianalytical approach (X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, isotopic ratios). In situ analyses were conducted in critical environment due to the high humidity (RH = 100 %), low temperature (T = 15 °C) and high CO 2 levels, all factors representing a challenge for either the operators or the electronic instrumentations. This work is included in a wider research project aimed to enlighten the use of colours on the sculptures in the roman time and to better define the composition of used raw materials
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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