1,720,974 research outputs found
FORESTE E PRODOTTI ALIMENTARI IN ITALIA
No full textLe foreste nutrono con i loro prodotti oltre 1 miliardo di persone nel mondo contribuendo con acqua, carboidrati, proteine, grassi, vitamine, combustibili, medicinali a mantenere gli equilibri naturali per i sistemi rurali.
Mentre la diversità agricola mondiale tradizionale si basa su non più di 20 – 30 specie animali e vegetali, la foresta mette a disposizione migliaia di forme vegetali per chi vive vicino ad essa.
Queste costituiscono una risorsa economica non indifferente per integrare e migliorare la qualità della vita e le produzioni delle popolazioni rurali e montane. In particolare, le foreste mediterranee ospitano oltre 25000 specie di piante, una enormità se confrontate alle 6000 presenti in Europa centrale e settentrionale. Inoltre, i servizi e beni offerti dalla foresta all’agricoltura e alla filiera alimentare consistono anche nel maggior equilibrio degli ecosistemi agricoli. Basti ricordare l’azione di impollinatori, l’impiego in agricoltura di portainnesti selvatici e varietà selvatiche resistenti, l’azione dei predatori di parassiti per la lotta biologica, il controllo dei microclimi, lo stoccaggio d riserve idriche, l’effetto della lettiera e la formazione dell’humus, il controllo dell’erosione ecc.
I descrittori e indicatori introdotti nelle statistiche Europee e recentemente adottati dall’Istat, hanno inserito voci statistiche relative ai prodotti forestali non legnosi che mettono in linea il nostro paese con le nuove funzioni riconosciute alle foreste.
Le regole UE e la globalizzazione degli scambi internazionali hanno aperto nuove sfide e introdotto nuovi problemi tra cui il commercio di prodotti a basso prezzo e non controllati dal punto di vista fitosanitario e una maggiore pressione competitiva sui mercati. Per ovviare a questi problemi solo qualità e sicurezza alimentare possono essere le armi vincenti per i produttori europei, soprattutto italiani, per i quali i nuovi mercati delle ricche economie emergenti e la sensibile crescita del reddito pro-capite stanno creando nuove fasce di consumatori.This presentation aims to provide a brief overview of the potential and critical issues related to the forest and silvopastoral productions at national level, also highlighting good practices. It underlines the growing interest in bio-based products, a distinctive sector of the primary productions and of industrial sectors that use or transform bio-resources, such as agri-food, pulp and paper, and part of the chemical industry, biotechnologies and energy, as well as manufacturing. These are key sectors for sustainable development, as they are able to satisfy responsible consumption, with low environmental impact, quality and strong links with the territory, through the consolidation of organized supply chains. The immediate reference is related to the demand for timber as an optimal building material for the needs of sustainable building and living, non-wood products, biomass for renewable energy, as well as the positive impact on tourism. Indeed, sustainable forest management is not in conflict with a productive exploitation of forestland. Forest owners and managers, who are responsible for meeting the challenges of social, economic and cultural change, need to be helped to combine ecologically and socially sustainable management with the possibility of not depressing forest production and related income, in the context of opportunities linked to the circular bio-economy. In this context, the managers must be concretely supported in solving the main problems: land, infrastructures, regulations. Global population growth, climate change and the reduction of the resilience of many ecosystems are transforming these issues into global challenges, which can be addressed through a responsible increase in the use of renewable biological resources and more efficient transformation systems, as well as through an increased social awareness about the role of environmental resources
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Toward sustainable forest management indicators? A data mining approach to evaluate the impact of silvicultural practices on stand structure
No full textndicators are increasingly required to support a fine-tuning between sustainable forestry andmultiple environmental targets. A data mining strategy was implemented in this study toassess the overall impact of traditional and innovative silviculture on stand structure in asample of beech forests with varying dominant age, management history and stand structurein Italy. Harvesting intensity and stand sensitivity to treatment were investigated using aprincipal component analysis (PCA) run on a set of dendrometric and stand-structure vari-ables measured before and after practice implementation at the scale of forest compartment.The PCA decomposed the overall impact of silviculture on forest structure in two manipula-tive effects: (i) structural changes between control and treatments, and (ii) the net manip-ulative effect of innovative versus traditional treatment. Our approach informs the sustainablemanagement of forests, outlining between-site differences in stand structure and identifyinga diversity gradient shaped by silvicultural practices. Multivariate analysis of forest indicatorsfollowing practice’s implementation is a promising tool to design innovative silviculturecoherent with conservation of forests’structural diversity
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Layman’s report - Selvicoltura innovativa per accrescere stabilità e biodiversità dei popolamenti artificiali di pino nero - Innovative silviculture to improve both stability and biodiversity of artificial stands of black pine
Full text linkIl pino nero di cui si è interessato il SelPiBioLife (Pinus nigra var. austriaca Hoss. e Pinus nigra var. calabrica
Delam.) è diffuso su oltre 200.000 ettari in Italia e più di 800.000 ettari in Europa. In Italia, dal 1880 ai primi
anni ‘70, si è impiegata questa specie per realizzare rimboschimenti con lo scopo di recuperare terreni
montani superficiali, poco fertili e/o degradati dal pascolo.
La maggior parte delle piantagioni di pino nero, pressoché pure, ha oggi un’età compresa tra 47 e 67 anni.
Il problema che le riguarda, e che è stato affrontato dal progetto SelPiBioLife, è che a pochi anni
dall’impianto dovevano essere effettuati diradamenti che non sono mai stati fatti. La forte densità
iniziale ha determinato la crescita di piante con tronchi lunghi e sottili, generalmente poco stabili,
ma oggi ancora più a rischio per gli eventi estremi originati dal cambiamento climatico.
Il forte ombreggiamento delle chiome, a sua volta, causando un ridotto afflusso di luce, potrebbe avere
provocato anche una limitata biodiversità al suol
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Early impact of alternative thinning approaches on structure diversity and complexity at stand level in two beech forests in Italy
No full textStand structure, tree density as well as tree spatial pattern define natural dynamics and competition process. They are therefore parameters used to define any silvicultural management type. This work aims to report first data resulting from a silvicultural experiment in beech forests. The objective of the trial is testing the structure manipulation in terms of diversity and the reduction of inter-tree competition of different thinning approaches. Alternative thinning methods have been applied in two independent experimental sites located in the pre-Alps and Southern Apennines, in Italy. Specific goals were to: (i) verify the impact early after thinning implementation on forest structure through a set of diversity and competition metrics resulting from a literature review; (ii) the sensitivity of tested indexes to effectively detect thinning manipulation. Main result show the low sensitivity of stand structure indexes and the ability of competition metrics to detect thinning outcome
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