1,720,976 research outputs found
Dimer and cluster approach for the evaluation of electronic couplings governing charge transport: Application to two pentacene polymorphs
No full textHole transport properties are modeled for two polymorphs of pentacene: the single crystal polymorph and the thin film polymorph relevant for organic thin-film transistor applications. Electronic couplings are evaluated in the standard dimer approach but also considering a cluster approach in which the central molecule is surrounded by a large number of molecules quantum-chemically described. The effective electronic couplings suitable for the parametrization of a tight-binding model are derived either from the orthogonalization scheme limited to HOMO orbitals and from the orthogonalization of the full basis of molecular orbitals. The angular dependent mobilities estimated for the two polymorphs using the predicted pattern of couplings display different anisotropy characteristics as suggested from experimental investigations
Modeling p-type charge transport in thienoacene analogs of pentacene
No full textThe charge transport properties of two fused-ring thienoacenes, (a) the syn-isomer of dibenzo-thieno-dithiophene (DBTDT), packing in the solid state with a π–π stacking arrangement and also known as bis-benzo-thieno-thiophene (BBTT) and (b) C6-DBTDT, an alkylated derivative, packing in the more conventional herring-bone arrangement, are investigated computationally in the framework of the non-adiabatic hopping mechanism. Charge transfer rate constants are computed within the Marcus–Levich–Jortner formalism including a single effective mode treated quantum mechanically and are injected in a kinetic Monte Carlo scheme to propagate the charge carrier in the crystal. Charge mobilities are computed at room temperature with and without the influence of an electric field and are shown to compare very well with the measured mobilities in single-crystal devices. Both systems show an almost 1D charge transport with C6-DBTDT displaying about a ten times larger mobility value, in agreement with experiment. It is shown that the role of the HOMO-1 orbital is not relevant for BBTT, while it might contribute to a more marked 2D charge transport character for C6-DBTDT
The double exciton state of conjugated chromophores with strong diradical character: insights from TDDFT calculations
Full text linkA peculiar characteristic of open-shell singlet diradical molecules is the presence of a double exciton state (H,H → L,L) among low lying excited states. Recent high-level quantum-chemical investigations including a static and dynamic electron correlation have demonstrated that this state can become the lowest singlet excited state, a diagnostic fingerprint of the diradical system. Here we investigate the performance of less computationally demanding TDDFT calculations by employing two approaches: the spin-flip TDDFT scheme and TD calculations based on unrestricted broken symmetry antiparallel-spin reference configuration (TDUDFT). The calculations are tested on a number of recently synthesized, large conjugated systems displaying from moderate to large diradical character and showing experimental trace of the double exciton state. We show that spin-flip (SF) TDB3LYP calculations in the collinear approximation generally underestimate the excitation energy of the double exciton state. When the molecule displays a strong diradical character, the unrestricted antiparallel-spin reference configuration of TDUDFT calculations is characterized by strongly localized frontier molecular orbitals. We show that under these conditions the double exciton state is captured by TDUB3LYP calculations since it is described by singly excited configurations and its excitation energy can be accurately predicted. Owing to the improved description of the ground state, also the excitation energy of the single exciton H → L state generally improves at the TDUB3LYP level. With regard to the double exciton state, SF TDB3LYP performs slightly better for small to medium diradical character while a large diradical character (and strong orbital localization) is a prerequisite for the success of TDUB3LYP calculations whose quality otherwise deteriorates
A model hamiltonian tuned toward high level ab initio calculations to describe the character of excitonic states in perylenebisimide aggregates
No full textOn the example of an aggregate of two perylenebisimide (PBI) molecules the character of the lowest excited electronic states in terms of charge transfer (CT) and Frenkel exciton (FE) configurations is investigated as a function of the intermolecular arrangement. A minimal model Hamiltonian based on two FE and two CT configurations at the frontier-orbitals CIS (FOCIS) level is shown to represent a simple and comprehensible approach providing insight into the physical significance of the model Hamiltonian matrix elements. The recently introduced analysis and diabatization procedure (Liu et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2015, 143, 084106) method is used to extract the energies of the configurations and their interactions (the model Hamiltonian parameters) also from the accurate CC2 approach. An analysis in terms of diabatic energy profiles and their interactions shows that the FOCIS parameters give a qualitatively correct description of the adiabatic excited state energy profiles. Comparison with CC2 reveals, however, the presence of avoided crossings at FOCIS level, associated with a large character change (CT/FE) of the excited states as a function of the aggregate structure, which represents the major drawback of FOCIS results. We show that proper amendment of the FOCIS-derived parameters allows to accurately represent the potential energy surfaces and crossings of the excited dimer states as a function of the aggregate structure. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Long rylene nanoribbons express polyacetylene-like signatures at their edges
No full textOligorylenes have been the focus of research during the journey toward intrinsically conducting polyrylene. Recently, the description of diradicaloid and tetraradicaloid properties in long oligorylene molecules has revived the old question about their electronic structures which is of current interest in the context of the properties of graphene nanoribbons. Here we show that the armchair edges of smaller oligorylenes are embedded within aromatic units and they transform into armchair cis-polyacetylenic structures for octarylene and longer. Concomitantly, the short zig-zag edges of oligorylenes stabilize diradicaloid and multiradical states. This electronic transformation is proved experimentally by Raman spectroscopy and supported by theoretical modelling
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Charge transport parameters for carbon based nanohoops and donor–acceptor derivatives
Full text linkThe effect of donor–acceptor (D–A) moieties on magnitudes such as reorganization energies and electronic couplings in cycloparaphenylene (CPP) carbon based nanohoops (i.e. conjugated organic molecules with cyclic topology) is highlighted via model computations and analysis of the available crystalline structure of N,N-dimethylaza[8]CPP. For the sake of comparison, intra-molecular and inter-molecular charge transport parameters are concomitantly modelled for the recently determined herringbone polymorph of [6]CPP, along with [8]CPP and [12]CPP. The peculiar contribution of low frequency vibrations to intramolecular reorganization energies is also disclosed by computing the Huang–Rhys factors for the investigated [n]CPPs and the N,N-dimethylaza derivative. In contrast with most planar organic semiconductors where the layer in which molecules are herringbone arranged identifies the high-mobility plane, nanohoops disclose inter-layer electronic couplings larger than the intra-layer counterparts. Charge transfer rate constants modelled with three different approaches (Marcus, Marcus–Levich–Jortner and spectral overlap) suggest that D–A nanohoops, owing to orbital localization, may be more efficient for charge transport than [n]CPPs for suitable solid phase arrangements.FN and SC acknowledge financial support from the University of Bologna. AJPJ and JCSG acknowledge the ‘‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad’’ of Spain and the ‘‘European Regional Development Fund’’ through the project CTQ2014-55073-P
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