1,721,034 research outputs found
New Medit
No full textNEW MEDIT, an OPEN ACCESS review, is a quarterly review published on behalf of the IAM in Bari, the Italian Institute of Ciheam. It is a new edition of the former journal, Medit, which was first published in 1990. Economics, agriculture, and environment are the key words of the subjects dealt with in the review. The papers tackle the different problems characterising the economy and the agriculture of the Mediterranean countries, with a multi-disciplinary approach, and the relationships between them. NEW MEDIT is an information and scientific analysis tool for getting a deeper insight into the economic and the social transformations of agriculture and the rural societies as well as in agro-food networks of the Mediterranean Basin. The articles are published in English or French, with an abstract in both languages. NEW MEDIT is run by an editorial board consisting of experts from differents scientific and professional fields from various Mediterranean countries. All papers are submitted to a double-blind peer review to be published in the Journal
Frontiers in Public Health
No full textFrontiers in Public Health publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research on key issues in the field including occupational, mental and reproductive health, medicine and social policy, epidemiology, rehabilitation, obesity, family and social issues, quality of life and public health education and promotion
Agriculture
No full textAgriculture (ISSN 2077-0472) is an international and cross-disciplinary scholarly and scientific open access journal on the science of cultivating the soil, growing, harvesting crops, and raising livestock. We will aim to look at production, processing, marketing and use of foods, fibers, plants and animals. The journal Agriculture will publish reviews, regular research papers, communications and short notes, and there is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided for research articles.
Subject Areas:
cultivation of crops and plant breeding
sustainable agriculture
organic agriculture
industrial agriculture
intensive farming
animal production
seasonal agriculture and climate change
agroecosystems, soil, carbon and water
fertilizers and pesticides
agricultural products - raw materials, foods, fibers, fuels
postharvest and quality
trade, livelihoods, rural communities and aid
health and safet
Jean-Christophe Paoli - Printzipàles e pastori sardi. Origine e trasformazione di un allevamento ovino mediterraneo
Full text linkEn lisant les pages d’un chercheur français qui décrit l’évolution des systèmes agro-pastoraux de la Sardaigne, un agronome italien ne peut pas s’empêcher de se souvenir de l’ouvrage extraordinaire de Maurice Le Lannou, le grand géographe du XXe siècle, qui dans les années 1930 dévoua son énergie de jeune doctorant à des longs séjours d’étude sur cette île merveilleuse : un continent antique, discret et primitif au milieu de la mer Méditerranée, dont il nous a raconté avec lucidité scientifiq..
Sustainability
No full textSustainability (ISSN 2071-1050; CODEN: SUSTDE) is an international, cross-disciplinary, scholarly and open access journal of environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability of human beings. Sustainability provides an advanced forum for studies related to sustainability and sustainable development, and is published monthly online by MDPI
Il secondo dopoguerra: il ruolo dell'istruzione nel decollo di un'area periferica
No full textQual è il ruolo dell’istruzione nei processi di sviluppo economico? In che modo alfabetizzazione e diffusione dell’istruzione tecnica hanno contribuito alla modernizzazione e alla crescita della società civile? Che rapporto esiste tra formazione del capitale umano e consolidamento del capitale sociale? A questi interrogativi, economisti e storici hanno da tempo cercato di dare risposte convincenti in termini teorici e con verifiche puntuali attraverso il ricorso alle fonti documentarie, nella consapevolezza che l’istruzione sia un prerequisito fondamentale per attivare percorsi virtuosi di crescita. Il presente volume affronta questi temi per un’area della Romagna – l’attuale provincia di Forlì-Cesena –, ripercorrendo la storia della diffusione dell’istruzione lungo un arco temporale che va dall’età napoleonica alle soglie del XXI secolo. Avvalendosi di un’ampia documentazione, gli autori ricostruiscono il faticoso e controverso consolidamento del sistema formativo locale, che fu influenzato tanto dal complesso di norme emanate dalle istituzioni centrali quanto dal contesto economico e sociale prevalente e dagli orientamenti assunti nel corso del tempo dalle élites locali nei riguardi dell’istruzione
Identifying specific targets for the member states to achieve the European Union's goal of 50 per cent reduction in sales of veterinary antimicrobials by 2030
Full text linkThis article proposes a tailored approach to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock among EU countries, in alignment with the EU Farm-to-Fork initiative that targets a 50 per cent reduction by 2030. We argue against a one-size-fits-all target and introduce country-specific targets based on individual factors such as current antimicrobial sales, GDP, and livestock and human densities. Using data from the European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC), the article identifies countries with high densities of animals and humans, as well as high levels of AMU per livestock unit, such as Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain and Poland, as needing to prioritise greater reduction efforts. The article also underlines the need for a more precise EU-level indicator of AMU, as sales do not directly represent use. It suggests that specific targets and regulations should apply to antimicrobials classified as 'Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials' by the WHO. The article recommends extending these targets to different sectors and even individual farms, with high-consumption sectors and poorly performing farms making greater efforts. By considering these factors, the article aims to provide a fair and effective approach to reducing AMU, mitigate the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance, and contribute to achieving the Farm-to-Fork strategy AMU reduction target.Cet article propose une approche sur mesure pour réduire l'utilisation d'antimicrobiens (UAM) dans l'élevage des pays de l'Union européenne, conformément à l'initiative européenne De la ferme à l'assiette qui vise une réduction de 50 pour cent d'ici 2030. Nous argumentons contre un objectif unique et pour l'introduction d'objectifs spécifiques à chaque pays, fondés sur des facteurs individuels tels que les ventes réelles d'antimicrobiens, le PIB et les densités animales et humaines. À l'aide des données de la Surveillance européenne de la consommation d'antimicrobiens vétérinaires (ESVAC), l'article identifie les pays présentant de fortes densités en animaux et humains, ainsi que des niveaux élevés d'UAM par unité de bétail, comme l'Allemagne, la Belgique, l'Italie, l'Espagne et la Pologne, comme devant privilégier des efforts de réduction plus importants. L'article souligne également la nécessité d'un indicateur de l'UAM plus précis au niveau européen, dans la mesure où les ventes ne représentent pas directement l'utilisation. Il suggère que des objectifs et des réglementations spécifiques devraient s'appliquer aux antimicrobiens classés comme ‘antimicrobiens d'importance critique de la plus haute priorité' par l'OMS. L'article recommande d’étendre ces objectifs à différents secteurs et même à des exploitations individuelles, les secteurs à forte consommation et les exploitations peu performantes faisant davantage d'efforts. En considérant ces facteurs, l'article vise à proposer une approche juste et efficace pour réduire l'UAM, atténuer les risques associés à la résistance aux antimicrobiens et contribuer à atteindre l'objectif de réduction de l'UAM de la stratégie De la ferme à l'assiette.In diesem Artikel wird ein ‚maßgeschneiderter‘Ansatz zur Verringerung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel (AMU) in der Tierhaltung der Mitgliedstaaten vorgeschlagen. Hintergrund ist die EU-Initiative ‘Farm-to-Fork‘, die eine 50-prozentige Reduzierung bis 2030 anstrebt. Wir sprechen uns gegen einen ‚Einheitsansatz‘und für länderspezifische Ziele aus, die auf dem jeweiligen Verkauf von antimikrobiellen Mitteln, dem BIP sowie der Tier- und Bevölkerungsdichte basieren. Anhand von Daten aus dem Europäischen Überwachungssystem zum Antibiotikaverbrauch (European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption, ESVAC) zeigten wir, dass Länder mit einer hohen Tier- und Bevölkerungsdichte sowie einer hohen Einsatzmenge von antimikrobiellen Mitteln pro Großvieheinheit, wie Deutschland, Belgien, Italien, Spanien und Polen, größere Anstrengungen zur Reduzierung des Einsatzes unternehmen müssen. Dieser Artikel unterstreicht auch die Notwendigkeit eines präziseren Indikators für den Einsatz antimikrobieller Mittel auf EU-Ebene, da die Verkäufe nicht direkt den Verbrauch widerspiegeln. Wir schlagen vor, dass für antimikrobielle Mittel, die von der WHO als besonders kritisch eingestuft werden (‚Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials‘), gesonderte Ziele und Vorschriften gelten. Der Artikel empfiehlt, diese Ziele auf verschiedene Sektoren und sogar einzelne Betriebe auszuweiten. Dabei sollten Sektoren mit einem hohen Verbrauch und Betriebe mit schlechter Leistung größere Anstrengungen unternehmen. Durch die Berücksichtigung dieser Einflussfaktoren soll ein gerechter und wirksamer Ansatz zur Verringerung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel vorgeschlagen werden. Hierdurch werden die mit der Antibiotikaresistenz verbundenen Risiken gemindert und es wird zu dem Ziel der Farm-to-Fork-Strategie zur Reduzierung der antimikrobiellen Mittel beigetragen
Global antimicrobial use in livestock farming: an estimate for cattle, chickens, and pigs
Full text linkLivestock farming substantially contributes to the global economy and food security. However, it poses crucial environmental, animal welfare, and public health challenges. The main objective of this study is to quantify the global antimicrobial use (AMU) in cattle, chicken, and pig farming. This information is important for understanding the potential impact of farm AMU on the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance among animals and humans. Using the United States Department of Agriculture Production, Supply, and Distribution and the Food and Agriculture Organization databases, we estimated the total supply of cattle (in heads) and its distribution into four weight categories: calves (26%), cows (41%), heifers (4%), and bulls of more than one year (29%). Similarly, we calculated the total supply of pigs (in heads) and divided it into two weight categories: pigs (96%) and sows (4%). For chickens, we considered one weight category. We attributed to each category a standard weight according to the parameters set by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to determine the animal biomass at risk of antimicrobial treatment, or population correction unit (PCU). Finally, we estimated the global PCUs and then the global AMU based on the average administered to the three species (in mg of active ingredients per kg PCU). With this method, we estimated a global annual AMU of 76 060 tonnes of antimicrobial active ingredients (2019-2021 average), of which 40 697 tonnes (or 53.5%) for cattle, 4 243 tonnes (or 5.6%) for chickens, and 31 120 tonnes (or 40.9%) for pigs. According to our assessment, global AMU leads to almost 20 000 tonnes less than the previous estimates due to a different evaluation of PCUs. In previous studies, PCUs were calculated on the liveweight at slaughtering of animals, while our method considers the age and sex of animals and their average weight at treatment. Our results are consistent with the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) estimate of 76 704 tonnes of veterinary antimicrobials globally consumed in 2018 for the total of food-producing animals (the WOAH estimation is based on sales and import data)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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