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Herbst Appliance with Four-Miniscrew Anchorage for Mandibular Advancement after the Pubertal Peak
No full textClass II malocclusion has aglobal prevalence of about20%, with significant geographicand racial differences,1and is found in 36-48% of the Caucasianpatients presenting fororthodontic treatment.2-4 Althoughcontributing skeletal factors caninclude maxillary prognathism,mandibular retrognathia, or a combination of both, a retrusive mandibleis by far the most commoncause.5,6 Traditional methods forcorrecting the intermaxillary relationshipand overjet in Class II casesinclude fixed or removable functionalappliances or multibracketappliances, which may be combinedwith elastic wear or extractions
LYMPHOCYTE TRANSENDOTHELIAL PASSAGE IN POSTCAPILLARY HIGH ENDOTHELIAL VENULES (HEV) OF LYMPH NODE AND AGGREGATE LYMPH NODULES
No full textSeasonal features of lymphocyte extravasation through the lymph nodal HEVs (Bats)
No full textIntroduction. Given the importance of lymphocyte homing m immune response it was studied the lymphocyte extravasation through the HEVs in lymph node in 12 hibernating animals.
Materials and Metods. We used lymph nodes of bats captured in the years 1972- 1980: five female bats were captured during dormancy of the winter months (from December to February) and 7 female bats captured during summer months (July and August). The lymph nodes were fixed in osmic acid 1% in veronal buffer, dehydrated with acetone and embedded in Durcupan; semithin and serial ultrathin sections were stained with 0,5 % Toluidine blue and lead citrale according to Reynoids, respectively, and observed by transmission electron microscope.
Results and conclusion. The HEVs of the cortical and paracortical area of the lymph node in bats captured from July to August display many lymphocytes englobed in the endothelial wall, which is characterized by high endothelial cells.
The heterogeneous morphological features of this lymphocytes, during the different moments of the extravasation process, should be attributed to the distinctive moment of the transmigratory process, as well as the casual direction of the section plane. The presence of lymphocytes into the HEVs of the lymph nodes excised during the months from December to February is rather limited. The ultrastructural features of lymphocytes during transmigration is limited too. In either season, dormancy and summer, the extravasation of the lymphocyte from blood circulation into the extravasal lymphoid matrix take place through an intraendothelial canalicular formation, as shown in the sequence of the serial ultrathin sections and from their three-dimensional reconstruction. The numerical density of the ultrastructural features displaying seasonal lymphocyte transmigration through the endothelium of the HEVs is very limited during the dormant fasting, compared to the rather high density found in summertime, in dose relation to the seasonal changes in metabolic rate of the hibernating animal
New route of lymphocyte diapedesis through high endothelial venules HEVs in peripheral and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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