1,721,161 research outputs found
Implementation, Elimination of Weakly Dominated Strategies and Evolutionary Dynamics
Get PDFThis paper studies convergence and stability properties of Sjostrom's (1994) mechanism, under the assumption that boundedly rational players find their way to equilibrium using monotonic evolutionary dynamics and best-reply dynamics. This mechanism implements most social choice functions in economic environments using as a solution concept one round of deletion of weakly dominated strategies and one round of deletion of strictly dominated strategies. However, there are other sets of Nash equilibrium, whose payoffs may be very different from those desired by the social choice function. With monotonic dynamics, all these sets of equilibrium contain limit points of the evolutionary dynamics. Furthermore, even if the dynamics converge to the "right" set of equilibria (i.e., the one which contains the solution of the mechanism), it may converge to an equilibrium which is worse in welfare terms. In contrast with this result, any interior solution of the best-reply dynamics converges to the equilibrium whose outcome the planner desires. (Copyright: Elsevier)
Preferencias sociales
No full textA la vista de un flujo impresionante de investigación teórica y experimental, muchos economistas están ya acostumbrados a pensar que la gente exhibe preferencias sociales (es decir, interdependientes). Esta opinión ha sido influenciada por la amplia literatura que muestra que los sujetos experimentales, en muchos protocolos experimentales clásicos, actúan como si trataran de maximizar una función objetivo en la que, además del suyo propio, toman en cuenta el bienestar de otros individuos que participan en el experimento.
Uno de los modelos más importantes para describir estos resultados es el de Fehr y Schmidt (1999) de preferencias sociales (aversas a la desigualdad). Aunque estos autores dicen al principio de su artículo que “...casi todos los modelos económicos suponen que toda la gente persigue exclusivamente su propio interés material y no les importan otros “objetivos sociales” per se...” (p. 817), el debate sobre la interdependencia de las preferencias ciertamente no comienza con ellos. La primera vez que se usa la expression “preferencias socials”, hasta donde nosotros sabemos, es en un artículo de John Harsanyi (1955), que la usa para argumentar que las funciones de bienestar social deben ser vistas como “preferencias sociales”, es decir juicios de valor individualistas sobre la situación material de todos los miembros de una sociedad.
Y tampoco es correcto que los economistas pensaran hasta la llegada de estos modelos que la gente persiga exclusivamente su propio bienestar material. Jörgen Weibull (2004) argumenta que la aserción de algunos economistas experimentales de que un determinado concepto de equilibrio ha sido violado en el laboratorio no es correcta en el contexto que suele hacerse, porque esos investigadores no observan las preferencias de los sujetos ni sus creencias y típicamente suponen que los sujetos sólo se preocupan por sus ganancias monetarias propias. Como decía Sen (1977), a los economistas nos preocupa (describir el dominio de las preferencias individuales en entornos de interés y, si estas preferencias son estables con respecto al marco estratégico de referencia.
Otra cuestión distinta es de dónde surgen estas preferencias, es decir, si son algo más que una adaptación ad-hoc para explicar un fenómeno que requiere una reformulación completa de la teoría. Para esto sería importante describir, por ejemplo, un fundamento evolutivo para estas preferencias sociales
Markets for Information: Of Inefficient Firewalls and Efficient Monopolies”, revised Feb. 2009
No full textEUI Working Paper and DSE Working Pape
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
An Experiment on Markets and Contracts: Do Social Preferences Determine Corporate Culture?
No full textDiscussion Paper 08-06, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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