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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
(6(3):23-39)A STUDY ON THE RELATIVE AVAILABILITY OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE, AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE, AND UREA TO RICE
No full text本試驗之目的，在求明瞭硫酸鎖、氯化銨、硝酸銨鈣及尿素對水稻之肥效，比較四種肥料對水稽之肥效孰優孰劣。
本試驗本年（1954年）第一、二期作係就羅東、臺北、新竹、苗栗、臺中、員林、嘉義、臺南、（朴子及鹽水）、鳳山及屏東等十個土壤具有代表性地方舉行。本年為第三年試驗。
供試驗用之每種肥料各分四個施量平準，施氣量為0,40,80,120公斤/公頃，其中臺北、新竹及臺中採用裂區試驗設計，共十六處理，四重複。其餘七處採用隨機區組設計，共十三處理（氮0公斤/公頃只有一處理），四重複。
試驗結果以變量分析法測定差異之顯著性。
由分析結果，可得下列結論：
1. 肥料施量間之效應，不論在谷與藁方面所表現者皆甚顯著。第一期作施氮量自0公斤/公頃遞增至120公斤/公頃，在谷與藁方面之產率亦依次顯著增加。但在第二期作，其施氮量在120公斤/公頃與80公斤/公頃兩者間之產量不甚明顯。
2. 每公斤氮素所能增產之谷產量，依據氮素施量、期作、肥料種類及試驗地點不同而有差別。就施氮量在80公斤/公頃者討論時，第一期作硫酸銨可能增產谷15.5公斤、藁20.7公斤，氯化銨可增產谷14.7公斤、藁19.1公斤，尿素可增產谷13.4公斤、藁17.8公斤，硝酸銨鈣可增產谷9.7公斤、藁10.4公斤。於同一情形下，在第二期作硫酸銨可增產谷6.9公斤、藁12.5公斤，氯化銨可增產谷6.4公斤、藁12.3公斤，尿素可增產谷5.2公斤、藁8.7公斤，硝酸銨鈣可增產谷2.3公斤、藁4.4公斤。兩期作間每公斤氮素所能增產谷與藁量互相比較時，第一期作皆優於第二期，而第二期作各種肥料每公斤氣素所能增產谷與真量只有第一期作之一半弱而已。
3. 就四種肥料間之效應而言，硫酸銨與氯化銨兩者間之效應相差無幾，而硫酸銨及氯化銨兩者告優於尿素，此三種肥料皆優於硝酸銨鈣。
4. 各種肥料間相對的優劣程度，依施量、期作及地點等不同而各有差別。以施氮量80公斤/公頃時，硫酸銨之增產率為100，在谷方面表現者，氯化銨、尿素、硝酸銨鈣之增產率在第一期作依次為98，96，88，在第二期作依次為96，96，87。在藁方面表現者，在第一、二期作依次為98This experiment was carried out in order to compare the availability of Ammonium Sulphate, Ammonium Chloride, Calcium Nitrate and Urea on the yield of rice.
The experiment was carried out for two crops in 1954 in ten localities, namely, Lotung, Taipei, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Yuanlin, Chayi, Tainan, (Pohtz and Siensuei), Fengshan and Pingtung. The amounts of nitrogen were divided in four levels, namely, 0, 40, 80, 120 kg/ha. Fertilizers and quantities were combined to make 16 treatments which include 4 assumed treatments, then the actual treatments were 13. In Taipei, Hsinchu and Taichung Spilit plot design was adopted and randamized block design in others. Each treatment was four replicated. The results according to statistical analysis may be concluded as follows:
1. The effect of the quantity of fertilizer is significant both in grain and straw. In the first crop, the yield was increased with the amount of fertilizer. In the second crop however, the difference between the two treatment of 80 kg/ha and 120 kg/ha is not so significant.
2. The increased amount of yield per kilogram of nitrogen is greatly affected by the ammount of fertilizer, the kind of fertilizer and locality. The increased amounts per kilogram of nitrogen at the level of 80 kg/ha are as follows;
In general the yields in first crop are higher than those of second crop. The increased amounts of yield per kilogram of nitrogen in the second crop are about half as much as those in first crop or even less.
3. As for the fertilizers, no significant difference exists between Ammonium Sulphate and Ammonium Chloride, but either of them gives a better effect than Urea. Among these four kinds of fertilizers Calcium Ammonium Nitrate is inferior than any other.
4. The relative availability of the fertilizer is affected by the amount of fertilizer, crop, and locality. Taking the yield of Ammonium Sulphate at the level of 80 kg/ha as 100, the yields of other three fertilizers are as follows:
，95，84及97，94，82
(6(1):1-18)A STUDY ON THE RELATIVE AVAILABILITY OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE, AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, AMMONIUM NITRATE AND UREA TO RICE
No full text本試驗之目的，為明瞭硫酸銨、氯化銨、硝酸銨及尿素四種肥料對水稻之肥效比較孰優孰劣。
本試驗於1953年第一、第二期作於羅東、臺北、新竹、苗栗、臺中、員林、嘉義、臺南、新營、鳳山、屏東等十個全省代表土壤地方舉行。
供試驗用之每種肥料各分四個施量平準，則施氮量分為0，40，80，120公斤/公頃，其中臺北、新竹、臺中採用裂區試驗設計，共十六處理，四重複，其餘七處採用隨機區組設計，共十三處理（氮0公斤/公頃只有一處理），四重複。
試驗結果以變量分析法測定差異之顯著性。
由分析結果，可得下列結論：
1.肥料施量間之效應，不論在谷與藁方面所表現者，皆為顯著，第一期作施氮量自0公斤/公頃遞增至120公斤/公頃，在谷與藁方面之產量亦依次顯著增加，但在第二期作，其施氮量在120公斤/公頃與80公斤/公頃兩者間之產量差異不甚顯著。
2.每公斤氮素所能增加之谷產量，依據氮素施用量、肥料種類及試驗地點互有差別，根據施氣量在80公斤/公頃者而討論時，第一期作硫酸銨可增產谷12.2公斤，藁20.2公斤，氯化銨可增產谷11.7公斤，藁19.1公斤，尿素可增產谷12.1公斤，藁16.3公斤，硝酸銨可增產谷3.2公斤，藁6.2公斤。於同一情形下，第二期作硫酸銨可增產谷7.2公斤，藁15.6公斤，氯化銨可增產谷6.9公斤，藁15.1公斤，尿素可增產谷5.5公斤，藁11.3公斤，硝酸銨可增產谷4.2公斤，藁7.8公斤。兩期作間，每公斤氮素所能增產谷與藁量互相比較時，第一期作皆優於第二期作（但臺中地區例外），在第二期作各種肥料每公斤氮素所能增產谷與藁量為第一期作之一半以上。
3. 就四種肥料間之肥效而言，由谷方面檢討，硫酸銨與氯化銨兩種間效果之差異不甚明顯；由藁方面討論，氯化銨之肥效似優於硫酸銨，尤在第二期作所表現者更為明顯。
4. 硫酸銨及氯化銨之肥效優於尿素，而此三種肥料之肥效告優於硝酸銨，此優劣之差別，第一期作較第二期作更為明顯。
5. 赭土地區除硫酸銨外，第二期作概無增收。
This experiment was carried out in order to compare the availability of Ammonium Sulphate, Ammonium Chloride, Ammonium Nitrate and Urea on the yield of rice.
The experiment was carried out for two crops in ten localities, namely, Lotung, Taipei, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Yuanlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Fengshan, and Pingtung. The amount of nitrogen were devided .in four levels, namely, 0, 40, 80, 120 kg/ha. Fertilizers and quantities were combined to make 16 treatments which include 4 assumed treatments, then the actual treatments were 13. In Taipei, Hsinchu and Taichung the split plot design was adopted and randomized black design in others. The results according to statistical analysis may be concluded as follows:
1. The effect of the quantity of fertilizer is significant both in grain and straw. In the first crop, the yield was increased with the amount of fertilizer. In the second crop, however, the difference between the two treatments of 80 kg/ha and 120 kg/ha is not significant.
2. The increased amount of yield per kilogram of nitrogen is greatly affected by the amount of fertilizer, the kind of fertilizer and the locality. The increased amounts per kilogram of nitrogen at the level of 80 kg/ha are as follows:
In general the yields in first crops are higher than those of second crop. The increased amounts of yield per kilogram of nitrogen in the first crop are about 1 1/2 times as much as those in second crop or even more.
3. As for the fertilizer effects on the yields of grain, we find no significant difference between Ammonium Sulphate and Ammonium Chloride. Of straw, however, Ammonium Chloride seems to give a better effect than Ammonium Sulphate, especially in the second crop.
4. Either Ammonium Sulphate or Ammonium Chloride gives a better effect than Urea, but each of them including Urea exceeds Ammonium Nitrate, especially in the first crop the difference were more significant than in the second crop.
5. In the region of lateritic soil, those except Ammonium Sulphate do not actually incerase the yield in the second crop
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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