1,721,130 research outputs found
(10(3):16-28)STUDIES ON THE ROOT-NODULE BACTERIA OF LUPINE
No full text臺灣之茶園，殆分佈於肥力較低之黃棕壤或紅棕壤地帶。近年來為提高土壤有機質而增進生產力，以期茶量增產為目的而栽植魯冰充作茶園綠肥，甚為盛行。
本研究為配合魯冰栽培時，行純粹培養菌被種之需要而舉行。茲就魯冰根瘤菌之分離、形態、培養及生理的性質，並田間接種試驗等，所得結果，摘要如下：
1. 魯冰菌之酵母抽出液甘露醇培養五天之菌體，概呈短桿狀乃至桿狀。格氏染色性為陰性。鞭毛為單極毛。
2. 殆不發育於Gelatin培養基，且無液化性。馬鈴薯斜面上之發育頗不良，石蕊乳精培養示無乳清層形成，且使其反應鹼性化。
3. Indol. 硫化氫均不產生，而生成氨氣並具硝酸鹽還元性。
4. 本根瘤菌生育之最適宜 pH 值為 pH 5.5~6.9 ，而概以 pH 4.91 為生育之酸性界限。
5.本菌生育之最適宜溫度為 26~30°C，於 40°C則均不能生育。於50°C10分猶能不死，但55°C10分者概即死滅。
6. 本菌對氯化鈉之抵抗力頒低，氯化吶濃度達0.05%以上者則受其阻害。
7.本菌生育上適宜之碳素源，以葡萄糖、分解乳塘、甘露蜜糖、蔗糖、甘露醇為最優良。木質糖之生育最差。對於木質糖生酸較顯明，樹膠糖有生酸傾向外，其他之糖類則不生酸，反使其反應鹼性化。
8. 本菌種之田間接種效果，均甚顯著，就中L.6號菌之效果為最高。
Tea is one of the most important agricultural products in Taiwan, and is mostly grown in yellowish brown or reddish brown latosol areas. Owing to its low fertility and organic matter content, it is necessary to supply organic fertilizers.
Generally speaking, lupine is the most suitable green mamure for tea garden. In order to obtain the beneficial nodule bacteria for inoculation use, several strains were isolated from nodule of lupine, and concerning their morphology, cultural and phy-siological characters, as well as field inoculation experiments were studied.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1 The cells of Rhizobium lupini taken from five days culture in yeast extract mannitol agar were short rods or rods, Gram-negative, and the flagella were mon-otrichous.
2. On gelatin medium they showed very scant growth, and no liquefaction was observed. On potato slopes, they showed thin, meagre, transparent growth, and potatoes were not changed in colour. On litmus milk they showed slightly alkaline reactions, and no serum zone was formed.
3. All strains showed no formation of indol and hydrogen sulfide, but ammonia was formed, and nitrite was produced from nitrate.
4. The optimum pH value for the growth was pH 5.5-6.9, and it seems that pH
4.91 was the limit of the acid side.
5. The optimum temperature for the growth was 26-30°C, and all strains were unable to grow at 40°C. They could grow for ten mi. at 50°C, but could not grow for ten mim. above 55°C.
6. All strains shcwed very low resistance to sodium chloride, the growth of Rhizobia was obstructed on the concentration above 0.05 percent.
7. Glucose, galactose, mannose, sucrose and mannitol were the best carbon sources for the growth of Rh. lupini. The reaction of most carbon. compounds became alkaline reaction, except that, the xylose and arabinose were acid reaction, but the former was rather remarkable than the latter.
8. The results of field inoculation experiment showed that all strains were very effective, particularly the strain L.6 which produced the highest yield in all localities
(Bulletin No.2)A Study On Tea Soils Of Yuchih, Taichung District
No full textYuchih Basin, one of the best tea areas of Taiwan, is located in the mountainous region of the South-eastern part of Taichung district. The local climate recorded by Taiwan weather Bureau in the past 6 years indicates 24.44℃ of the average temperature, 83.84% humidity, and 2751.1mm of precipatation.
According to C. V Yu and M. Hua’s report of “Soils of Taichung District, Taiwan Province” the Sols of this Basin belong to yollow earth, which includes two series i. e. Jia-yang series and Yuchih series. The former occupies the slope of the mountains with the elevation of 1000-2500 meters above sea level, and is derived from the upper slate of pretertiary. The letter occupies gently rolling upland of this Basin and is derived from the derived deposit of quaternary.
There are around 1550 acres of tea garden, one-fifth of their soils belong to the Yuchih series while the remaining four-fifth belong to the Jiayang series
Studies On Mushroom Nutrition 1. The chemical composition of rice-straw composts
No full text為期究明稻葉堆肥之化學成分及洋菇栽培期中各成分之變化情形以供調製洋菇堆肥之參考，玆就本所食用菇研究室所製：(1)現行一般堆積，(2)三角架堆積，(3)過熟老堆肥三種及材料稻葉分別測定其化學組成分，所得結果摘要如下：
1.稻葉堆肥之主要成分為半纖維素，纖維素，木素，蛋白質及灰分，而冷水熱水可溶物及乙醚，乙醇可溶物之含量均較少，其與稻藥相比則半纖維素，纖維素量減少而木素，蛋白質及灰分增加，且其增減之幅度頗大，而熱水可溶物稍增加外其他成分均示減少傾向。
2.現行一般堆積者，水分11.34%，灰分25.99%，pH6.5，C/N率22，乙醚可溶物0.987%，冷水可溶物4.27%，熱水可溶物1.73%，乙醇可溶物0.538%，半纖維素5.793%，纖維素15.821%，木素14.279%，蛋白質8.438%。
In order to understand the degradation of mushroom compost and to seek a suitable compost for mushroom cultivation, three types of stacking: (1) general stack, (2) triangle stack and (3) over-compost were selected for chemical analysis together with the raw material of rice-straw was served as control. The air dry materials were used for all analysis. The results are shown as follows.
(1) The major component of rice-straw compost consisted of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, protein and ash, although containing little fractions of water and ether soluble. In comparison with the raw material, the general stacking decreased in the contents of hemicellulose, cellulose, cold water soluble fraction, ether soluble fraction and alcohol soluble fraction, while increased in the contents of lignin, protein, hot water soluble fraction and ash.
(2) The general stacking consisted of moisture 11.34%, ash 25.99%, C/N ratio 22.5, ether soluble fraction 0.987%, cold water soluble fraction 4.27%, hot water soluble fraction 1.73%, alcohol soluble fraction 0.538%, hernicellulose 5.793%, cellulose 15.821%, lignin 14.279% and protein 8.438%. The pH of the compost was 6.5
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
(9(4):16-23)STUDIES, ON THE UTILIZATION OF TAIWAN PEAT AS FERTILIZER -First report: physico-chemical composition of Taiwan peat
No full text泥炭之生成受氣候因子之影響，多形成於寒泠地帶，而熱帶亞熱帶地區則頗為鮮見，但在臺灣地質上屬於第三紀上新統及第四紀更新統地層中，有炭化程度輕微尚保留頗多量類似有機質性狀而幾無燃料的經濟價值者可稱為泥炭。
本研究以肥料立場檢討該泥炭之性質，及利用為目的而舉行者，茲就南投縣埔里及澎湖縣馬公兩處泥炭之理化的性質分析結果摘要如下：
1. 埔里、澎湖俱混摻土砂，埔里較少澎湖卻甚多，因之比重，有機質、全氮、揮發份等組成份參差頗為懸殊。
2. 無機成份，俱受土壤無機物之影響，均以硅酸、砂、鐵鋁氧化物佔其大部，而鈣、磷、鉀等均甚低。
3. 有機成份，埔里含量甚高，而以腐植酸、木素複合體為主成份，粗纖維，蛋白質略高，Bitumina，水溶性有機物較低，澎湖則含量低，而以粗纖維為主成份，其他成份則低。
4. 埔里產者：比重1.667，水份31.798%，有機質59.440%，灰份8.755%，全氮1,183%，pH值4.05，揮發份36.639%。
5. 澎湖產者：比重2.382，水份14.866%，有機質18.549%，灰份66.585%，全氮0.187%，pH值7.20，揮發份17.979%。
6. 埔里產之諸成份與美國等泥炭比較，則尚稱符合，澎湖者則頗差，似稱為“有機質土壤”較妥當。
7. 據上述結果著者認為在肥料利用上埔里產泥炭為較適合之原料。
Generally speaking, peat have never seen in the sub-tropical or tropical reagions. But according to the geological survey reports, in Taiwan, there are a few deposit of so called peats which existed in the earth layer from the Pliocene period of Pretertiary or the Pleistocene period of Quaternary.
Peat is less in economic value as a fuel but it may be used as fertilizer. So, in order to realize the utilization of Taiwan peat as fertilizer, the preseut study was started. This is the preliminary report about the physico-chemical composition of the two kinds of peat were taken from Puli district and Pescadore island.
The results are summarized as follows:
1. It is very different in specific gravity, content of organic matter, total nitrogen, volatile matter due to the content of sand between the two groups of peat collect from Puli and Pescardore island.
2. In the inorganic compositions, the sand, silica and sesquioxides occupy a great part in percentage of composition, the low content in calcium, phosphorus and potassium.
3. The total amount of organic matter is more higher in Puli district than in Pescadore island. In the organic composition of peat in Puli, the humic acid-lignin complex is the main component, the crude fiber and protain next the low content in the bitumina and water soluble organic matter. For the peat in Pescadore island, the crude fiber is the main component and the others are low in content.
4. The physico-chemical compositions of peat in Puli and in Pescadore island are shown as Table I.
5. From the chemical properties of peat in Pescadore island, it is possible to recognize that it belongs to a soil of high content of organic matter.
6. According to the Table I the peat distributed in Puli district is more suitable for fertilizer use than the peat collected from pescadore island
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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